ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 191-204.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2014.00191

• 决策心理学专栏 •    下一篇

遗传因素在风险决策加工中的作用

何清华; 薛贵;陈春辉;董奇;陈传升   

  1. (1西南大学心理学部, 重庆 400715) (2北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室, 北京 100875) (3 University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, 美国)
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-06 出版日期:2014-02-15 发布日期:2014-02-15
  • 通讯作者: 陈传升

The Role of Genes in Risky Decision Making

HE Qinghua;XUE Gui;CHEN Chunhui;DONG Qi;CHEN Chuansheng   

  1. (1 Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China) (2 National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China) (3 University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA)
  • Received:2014-01-06 Online:2014-02-15 Published:2014-02-15
  • Contact: CHEN Chuansheng

PDF (PC)

2454

被引次数

6

摘要：

风险决策是指个体对不同选项及其概率进行权衡之后做出决定的过程。它是一个复杂的加工过程, 需要平衡奖赏选项的诱惑和损失选项的忧虑。风险决策能力是人脑最重要的高级功能之一。在现实生活中, 风险决策能力具有非常大的个体差异, 而遗传和环境各自都在其中起着关键的作用。在这篇文章中, 我们首先综述近年来风险决策研究领域中探讨遗传影响风险决策加工的研究, 包括双生子研究与分子遗传学研究。在介绍分子遗传学研究时, 按照基因所属神经递质系统, 分别介绍了多巴胺递质系统相关基因(如COMT、DAT等)、五羟色胺递质系统相关基因(如SLC6A4、TPH1等)和其他基因(如BDNF)对风险决策能力个体差异的影响。随后, 我们探讨了环境对风险决策个体差异的影响, 以及基因-环境交互作用对风险决策个体差异的影响。接下来, 我们介绍了将脑的结构与功能作为内表型来考察基因和环境对风险决策个体差异的影响的最新进展。在文章的最后, 我们指出今后对风险决策个体差异的研究应该同时考虑遗传和环境, 并考察脑的结构和功能在其中的中介作用。

关键词: 遗传, 基因, 风险决策, 环境, 基因-环境交互, 脑

Abstract:

Risky decision making is a complex process that involves weighing different options in terms of their likelihood of potential rewards and risks. It is one of the most important cognitive functions of the human brain. People differ significantly in their everyday risky decision making, partly influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In this article, we first review recent studies investigating the effect of genetic factors on risky decision making, including twin studies and molecular genetic studies. Candidate genes included dopamine-related genes (e.g., COMT and DAT), serotonin-related genes (e.g., SLC6A and TPH1), and other genes (e.g., BDNF). We then discussed the contribution of environment as well as gene-environment interaction to risky decision making. Recent studies have also incorporated brain anatomy and functions as endophenotypes of risky decision making in molecular genetic research. In the final section, we outline directions of future research that should emphasize gene-environment interactions and brain structure and functions as the mediators between genes and risky decision making.

Key words: heritability, genes, risky decision making, environment, gene-environment interaction, brain

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