面向心理学的虚拟现实实验开发工具

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2024.01800

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在使用虚拟现实技术进行心理学研究时, 建立一个高质量的虚拟实验环境至关重要。然而, 对于部分缺乏计算机编程经验的心理学研究者来说, 这一任务常常充满挑战。为应对这一难题, 领域内的研究者开发了多种专门用于虚拟现实实验的工具, 借助游戏引擎等技术, 大大降低了研究者对专业技术知识的依赖。这些工具各具特色, 一部分提供实验框架, 帮助研究者从整体上更轻松地搭建实验环境, 而另一部分则专注于解决特定的技术难题, 在特定环节或范式上为研究者提供必要的技术支持和开发范例。未来, 实验工具还可能会采用“元框架”的理念, 为开发者提供更高效、灵活的开发模式。

关键词: 虚拟现实, 3D实验刺激, 实验开发工具, 元框架, 可重复性, 开放科学

Abstract: Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly recognized as a groundbreaking tool in psychological research, offering the ability to create controlled, ecologically valid environments uniquely suited for studying human behavior and cognitive processes. However, despite its transformative potential, developing VR experiments presents significant technical challenges, particularly for researchers who may not possess advanced programming skills. To address these challenges, a variety of specialized tools have been developed to simplify the creation of VR experiments. These tools enable researchers to focus more on experimental design and less on the complex technical intricacies associated with VR development.
This review systematically categorizes and assesses a diverse array of VR tools introduced in recent years. These tools are classified into two primary categories: general-purpose experimental frameworks and those tailored to specific experimental paradigms. General-purpose experimental frameworks, such as those based on Unity, offer highly flexible environments that can be adapted to a wide range of experimental designs. These frameworks are particularly advantageous for researchers who need to create complex, customized VR experiments. For example, Unity-based frameworks are versatile and powerful, allowing detailed control over experimental conditions, though they often require some programming expertise. In contrast, tools tailored to specific experimental paradigms, such as VREX for attention and memory research, provide pre-configured templates and resources. These specialized tools simplify the setup process, minimize the need for technical adjustments, and allow researchers to conduct studies with minimal setup time. This review also highlights recent progress and new tools that combine physiological signal recording devices with VR, demonstrating how this integration can enhance research capabilities.
By detailing the key features and potential use cases of each tool, the review provides psychological researchers with valuable insights into selecting the most appropriate tools for their experimental goals. Furthermore, the review summarizes the usage methods, technical foundations, and accessibility of these tools through tables, offering well-organized resources and an informative guide for researchers. This contributes to the ongoing evolution of psychological research methodologies and empowers researchers to explore new frontiers in understanding human behavior and cognition through VR.
The review also explores emerging trends and future directions in VR experiment development, introducing new concepts such as the “meta-framework” and the “experiment as code” approach. These innovative ideas advocate for unifying various tools and frameworks under a common architecture, thereby making VR experiment development more accessible, efficient, and standardized. The meta-framework concept, in particular, seeks to enhance the scalability, reproducibility, and consistency of VR experiments, addressing many of the current challenges faced by researchers in VR-based psychological studies. To further illustrate the advantages of these concepts, the paper presents a more specific model: the “researcher-developer-participant” meta-framework development model. This model, when combined with cloud-based collaborative approaches, emphasizes the separation of research design from technical implementation. Such a division allows for greater flexibility and standardization in VR experiments, making it more feasible for a wider range of researchers to adopt VR technology in their studies. By enabling researchers to focus on the conceptual aspects of their research while specialized developers handle the technical execution, these concepts have the potential to create more accessible and scalable VR solutions, thereby opening up new avenues for investigation and discovery.

Key words: virtual reality, 3D stimuli, experimental development tools, meta-framework, reproducibility, open science

中图分类号:

B841

韩明, 蒯曙光. (2024). 面向心理学的虚拟现实实验开发工具. 心理科学进展 , 32(11), 1800-1813.

HAN Ming, KUAI Shu-Guang. (2024). Toolkits for virtual reality research in psychology. Advances in Psychological Science, 32(11), 1800-1813.

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