多目标追踪的神经机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.02007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多目标追踪任务是研究动态场景中视觉注意加工机制常用的范式。自1998年开始对多目标追踪神经机制的影像学研究以来, 研究者采用ERP和fMRI等技术对多目标注意追踪所涉及的神经电生理活动和脑功能区激活方面开展了大量研究。ERP研究发现, 追踪过程持续的ERP脑电成分如N2pc、CDA的波幅与注意追踪负荷有关, 并且出现在目标与非目标上的探测刺激诱发的脑电成分如N1、P1波幅的差异可反映注意资源的分配, 具体为目标在追踪过程中得到了激活, 而非目标受到了抑制。fMRI研究比较一致地发现了顶叶(包括前顶内沟、后顶内沟、顶上小叶)、背外侧额叶皮层等在注意追踪中的强烈激活。其中顶内沟主要与注意负荷有关, 顶内沟的活动水平直接决定了观察者注意追踪的行为表现。而顶上小叶可能更多的负责注意转移。背外侧额叶皮层可能负责追踪时的感觉运动预测过程。

关键词: 多目标追踪, 注意分配, 事件相关电位, 功能磁共振成像, 顶内沟

Abstract:

Researchers have used the Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) task to study how people distribute visual attention in when they view dynamic scenes. Studies have used event-related potential (ERP) to investigate neural electrophysiological activity and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure functional localization in the human brain while people process dynamic visual information. Studies found that ERP amplitudes changed with tracking load. The difference between ERP amplitudes elicited by the probes on the targets versus distractors reflected how people were distributing attention between the targets and distractors. In other words, the ERP amplitudes reflected people's increased attention to the targets and inhibited attention to the distractors during tracking. The fMRI studies consistently found strong activation in the dorsolateral frontal cortex (DLFC) and the parietal lobe, including the anterior intraparietal sulcus (AIPS), posterior intraparietal sulcus (PostIPS), and superior parietal lobule (SPL). The IPS had a particularly strong relationship with attentional load. The level of activation in the IPS was directly related to observers’ attentional tracking performance. The evidence also suggests that the SPL might be responsible for attentional shifts and that the DLFC might be related to the sensorimotor prediction during tracking.

Key words: Multiple Object Tracking, attention distribution, event-related potentials (ERP), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), intraparietal sulcus (IPS)

中图分类号:

B842

魏柳青, 张学民. (2019). 多目标追踪的神经机制. 心理科学进展 , 27(12), 2007-2018.

WEI Liuqing, ZHANG Xuemin. (2019). The neural mechanism of multiple object tracking. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(12), 2007-2018.

图/表 1

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脑区	功能	相关研究文献
顶内沟(IPS)、顶上小叶(SPL)、楔前叶(Precuneus)、额叶眼动区(FEF)、颞中区(MT)	注意追踪激活的相关脑区	Aln?s et al., 2014; Culham et al., 1998; Culham et al., 2001; Howe et al., 2009; Jahn et al., 2012; Jovicich et al., 2001;
顶内沟(IPS)	与注意负荷密切相关; 可能负责目标客体上索引的保持	Battelli et al., 2009; Blumberg et al., 2015; Jahn et al., 2012; Aln?s et al., 2015
顶上小叶(SPL)	可能负责注意转移	Aln?s et al., 2015
楔前叶(Precuneus)	可能负责空间方位的保持和更新	Jahn et al., 2012
背外侧额叶皮层(DLFC)	可能负责追踪时的感觉运动预测过程	Atmaca et al., 2013

脑区	功能	相关研究文献
顶内沟(IPS)、顶上小叶(SPL)、楔前叶(Precuneus)、额叶眼动区(FEF)、颞中区(MT)	注意追踪激活的相关脑区	Aln?s et al., 2014; Culham et al., 1998; Culham et al., 2001; Howe et al., 2009; Jahn et al., 2012; Jovicich et al., 2001;
顶内沟(IPS)	与注意负荷密切相关; 可能负责目标客体上索引的保持	Battelli et al., 2009; Blumberg et al., 2015; Jahn et al., 2012; Aln?s et al., 2015
顶上小叶(SPL)	可能负责注意转移	Aln?s et al., 2015
楔前叶(Precuneus)	可能负责空间方位的保持和更新	Jahn et al., 2012
背外侧额叶皮层(DLFC)	可能负责追踪时的感觉运动预测过程	Atmaca et al., 2013