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25 September 1996, Volume 28 Issue 03 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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PERCEPTION OF SENTENCE STRESS PATTERN Yang Yufang (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) 1996, 28 (03):  225-231.  Abstract ( 884 )   This paper investigated on the perceptual representation of sentence stress pattern in the condition of excluding syntactic and semantic information. Questions about the types of stress,shift of word accent in the sentence,and the role of stress pattern played in sentence organization were discussed on the basis of the perceptual patterns of stress in the sentence. Related Articles | Metrics

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FREQUENCY EFFECT OF CHARACTER COMPONENTS COMBINATION IN THE RECOGNITION OF CHINESE CHARACTERS Han Buxin (Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100012) 1996, 28 (03):  232-237.  Abstract ( 1469 )   Three experiments with different paradigms were conducted to investigate the frequency effect of character components combination in the recognition of Chinese characters. The result of experiment 1 indicated that the combination frequency had significant facilitating effects upon the RT when the task was to name the whole character with 2 components. While in experiment 2,presenting the 2 components separately,the combination frequency also show signifi- cant facilitating effect. When naming the right-left type character combining with 3 character components in experiment 3,the combination frequency had facilitating effect when they were on the left position of the whole character (as in 田 type characters),or inhibitory effect when they were on the right position (as in 田 type characters). Related Articles | Metrics

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PREDICTIVE INFERENCE IN READING Cui Yao,Chen Yongming (Institute of Psychology, CAS) 1996, 28 (03):  238-244.  Abstract ( 1089 )   Predictive inference has been studied by many researchers, yet still many problems exist. Two factors that may influence the process of predictive inference were examined. The first was reading spans of the subjects. SentenceWord method has been used to identify the reader's reading span into three grades-high, middle and low reading span. The second factor was changes of reading focus on different events described in the same paragraph. This factor has three levels, same event, different event, and environment description. Naming time was measured under different conditions when the subjects read Chinese paragraphs. Each paragraph contained of four sentences. The results indicated that naming times of the readers with different reading spans were significantly different. The higher the reading span, the shorter the naming time. Those readers who had higher reading spans were more sensitive to the context. They seemed to obtain less predictive amount for each item in their long term memory, but spread predicting effects to more items. It was likely that predictive inference could maintain even when current reading focus had moved to another event. From these results, it was suggested that predictive inference may exist longer than what had been considered in the past. A dynamic process for allocating cognitive resources was proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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A STUDY ON NEGATIVE PRIMING EFFECT IN SELECTIVE ATTENTION Li Yalin (Department of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 ) 1996, 28 (03):  245-251.  Abstract ( 1311 )   Negative priming effect of distractor in selective attention was investigated by Arabic or Chinese digit naming tasks. When stressing the accuracy of digit naming, the priming effect of distractor was negative; positive priming effect was found when stressing the reaction speed. The results suggested that the activation state of distractors is a critical factor to the nature of priming effect. The spreading inhibition of distractor, inhibition-based fan effect, and the theory of late-selection were generally supported. Related Articles | Metrics

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COMPARISON OF THE ABILITIES OF SENTENCE-FORM AND PROPOSITIONAL REPRESENTATION OF CHINESE SENTENCES AMONG SUBJECTS AT THREE DIFFERENT AGE LEVELS Geng Haiyan Zhang Shuzu (Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei China PC:071002) 1996, 28 (03):  252-259.  Abstract ( 925 )   This research explored the representation of sentences in memory through experiments upon the students respectively from three age stages, comparing their recognition of the Chinese sentences which are of the same proposition but of different sentence forms, and taking the rates and the responding time of their recognition as the measurement. Conclusions are as follows: Ⅰ. The propositional representation is a primary tendency different from the development of memory accuracy or from memory errors in essence. Actually, it is the result of acquired ability to distinguish the representation of sentence forms from the propositional representation. Ⅱ. It takes time to establish and consolidate the propositional representation which has a strong stability once it is established. On the contrary, the representation of sentence forms has less stability and inclines to fade away as time goes on. Related Articles | Metrics

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INFANTS' AND YOUNG CHILDREN'S NEGATIVE BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING MOTHERS' PARENTING DIFFICULTIES Dong Qi Xia Yong Wang Yun Fang Xiaoyi (Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Nomal University, Beijing, 100875) 1996, 28 (03):  260-267.  Abstract ( 1293 )   This investigation examined the relationship between infants' and young children's negative behavioral characteristics and their mothers' parenting diffi-culties, and the mediating factors influencing parenting difficulties of mothers whose young children have more negative behaviors. 572 mothers of children in the 1-6-year-old age range were asked to fill out Parenting difficulties Scale (for mothers), Early Behavioral Characteristics Scale and Family Relationship Questionnaire, and report on the general demographic information about their families. Results indicated: (a) The pattern of the distribution of children's negative behavioral characteristics was similar at each age level;(b) Mothers' parenting difficulties were positively and significantly related to their children's negative behavioral characteristics; (c)Mothers' age at the birth.of their child, educational level, occupation, quality of marital relationship, and perceived social support were found to be important factors mediating the parenting difficulties of mothers of children with more negative behavioral characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ATTRIBUTION AND REATTRIBUTION TRAINING OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN DIFFERENT CLASSROOM SETTINGS Hu Shengli (Xiamen Institute of Education Research, 361003) 1996, 28 (03):  268-276.  Abstract ( 1249 )   On the basis of a wide investigation on causal attribution of school children themselves and their teachers and parents for the students' academic success or failure, the influence of 10 major causes on academic performance was. assessed by 303 students of 3rd to .6th grade with ranking method in different classroom settings. According to the students' actual attribution, the reattribution training method of combining Weiner's attribution training model with strategies attribution and strategies guide was used to enhance the students' achievement motivation and academic achievement through the medium of strategies and self-regulation in different classroom settings. The results indicated that: (1) School children's rank order of the 10 major causes on their classroom academic achievement were effort, strategies, ability, knowledge- basis, interest, purpose, difficulty, teaching method, mood and family environment, AVOVA found out these factors had significant effect in different classroom settings and achievement situations except family environment. (2) The reattribution training method of combining Weiner's attribution training model with strategies attribution and strategy guide was effective to promote the motivation level of school children, and enhance their academic performance in different classroom settings. Related Articles | Metrics

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A STUDY ON THE EXPERIMENT OF CREATIVITY TEACHING FOR CHILDREN Zhang Jinghuan Chen Zehe (Education Science Institute, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014) 1996, 28 (03):  277-283.  Abstract ( 1185 )   With Guilford' Intellectual Theory of Creativity and with the viewpoint on creativity of modern psychology, the researchers wrote a series of experimental textbooks (3 books mainly), set up a new subject named Creative Active Lessons given two classes a week. The results showed that the Creative Active Lessons had promoted the children's intelligence, creativity, and the learning of other lessons as well. The authors also discussed the characteristics of the Creative Active Lessons. Related Articles | Metrics

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IMPACT OF INTEREST ON TEXT COMPREHENSION Zhang Kai (Beijing Institute of Economic Management, 100015) Zhang Biyin (Beijing Normal University, 100875) 1996, 28 (03):  284-289.  Abstract ( 911 )   This study examined the impact of interest on text comprehension. Its primary goals were as follows: (1)To formulate a new theory of interest; (2)To examine and explain the effects of interest on text comprehension; (3)To ex-plore the relation between interest and prior knowledge while reading. The following hypotheses were confirmed by two experiments: (1)Interest has a positive influence on. text comprehension; (2)High-interest readers infer from the text more frequently while reading;(3) High-interest readers show greater metacognitive capability while reading; (4)The effect of interest on text comprehension is independent of prior knowledge. Related Articles | Metrics

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A STUDY ON THE INTERACTION OF REGULAR POLYGON DISPERSION,REGULAR POLYGON BASIC SIDE AND SIGNAL DISPLAY CONDITION Cao Liren Zhu Zuxiang (Department of Psychology, Hangzhou University, 310028) 1996, 28 (03):  290-298.  Abstract ( 923 )   The experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction of regular polygon dispersion, basic side,and signals display condition. The experimental variables were: (a) 5 dispersions of polygons; (b) 5 basic sides of polygons; (c) 2 signal display conditions. The dependent variable was the average response time of each signal. The stimuli materials were 25 regular polygons with different dispersions and different basic sides. The experimental procedure was carried out on a computer, including stimuli presenting and reaction data collecting. The results showed: (a)the polygon dispersion had significant affect on signal cognitive performance (P< 0. 01 ),the polygon signals with middle(about 0. 5)or lower dispersion had higher cognitive performance; (b) the polygon basic side had significant effect on signal cognitive performance(P ＜0. 01), the cognitive performance was inversely related to the number of polygon sides; (c)signal display condition had no significant effect on signal cognitive performance (P＞ 0. 05 ); (d) the interaction of dispersion and basic side had significant effect on signal cognitive performance(P＜0. 05), when the basic sides increased to the point of 8, the cognitive performance of polygons with large dispersion (0. 6, 0. 7) had a significant departure from that with smaller dispersion(0. 3, 0. 4, 0. 5). Related Articles | Metrics

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SOME CONTEMPORARY THEORETICAL QUESTIONS IN SLEEP RESEARCH Liu Shiyi (Shanghai Institute of Physiology, Academia Sinica, Shanghai 200031, China ) 1996, 28 (03):  299-306.  Abstract ( 1374 )   Much attention has been paid to sleep research throughout the whole world during the last ten years. Beside the formation of the Chinese and other Sleep Research Societies (SRS),the Asian Sleep Research Society (ASRS) and the World Federation of Sleep Research Societies (WFSRS)also were born during this period. The objective of this paper was to discuss some contemporary theoretical questions in sleep research as follows:the core problem of sleep is deep Slow Wave Sleep (dSWS), how sleep is controlled by the circadian rhythm,the comparative analysis between paradoxical sleep and wakefulness, the importance of rehabilitation of siesta in the world community,clinical sleep disorders and its countermeasure, as well as the endogenous sleep-inducing substances. Related Articles | Metrics

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A STUDY ON AGE-RELATED CHANGE OF ENCEPHALOFLUCTUOGRAPH IN ADULTS Liu Chang Li Deming Mei Lei (Brain-Behavior Research Centers, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012) 1996, 28 (03):  307-314.  Abstract ( 965 )   A study on age-related change of encephalofluctuograph was accomplished in 120 subjects aged 20 to 79 years. The results showed: (1)The activities of S-spectra moved toward low-frequency with age from 20 to 59 years,and then shifted backward high-frequency to some extent after 60 years of age. (2)There were obvious age-related changes in some spectral series,in which S17-series were the most susceptible to aging. (3)The coherence between or among different brain areas and the continuous frequencies in all brain areas enhanced in the aging process, and the power distribution was disordered gradually with age; (4)Age-related changes were displayed chiefly in the dominant brain area (left-anterior brain) and dominant brain axis (left-anterior/right-posterior brain), and the most distinct degradation of functions was observed in the left-anterior brain which is closely related to higher brain function. The results indicated that age-related changes of brain function was a nonlinear and a multi-level complex process. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY OF TYPE Ⅱ DIABETES MILLITUS BEHAVIORAL PATTERN Xu Zhenlei Fan Xiaotuo Hu Peicheng Li Xintian (Dept, of Medical Psychology Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100083) Feng Jinguang (The First Hospital, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100022) 1996, 28 (03):  315-319.  Abstract ( 1089 )   Personality charecteristics were assessed in 112 patients with type Ⅱ DIABETES MILLITUS and 147 healthy people using Behavioral Charecteristics Questionnaire. The result revealed male patients feel more depression, female patients feel more anxiety, depression and anger, both for males and females this questionnaire can discriminate patients and healthy people significantly, it could be patients with more depression, less anxiety and less rationality, Combining other research it could be suggested that there exists TYPE Ⅱ DIABETES MILLITUS PRONE BEHAVIORAL PATTERN, expressed by depression, low-anxiety, low-arousal to stress, can mask himself well as to protect himself using machanisms of defence novelty seeking, avoidance of harmful events, tend to be unable to delay gratification, and difficulty in concentrating attention. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDIES ON ANIMAL'S CONDITIONED IMMUNE MODULATION Li Bo Lin Wenjuan (Brain-Behavior Research Center Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012,China) 1996, 28 (03):  320-327.  Abstract ( 926 )   Psychoneuroimmunology has developed into a field of interdisciplinary research that involves a wide list of areas of which the conditioned immune modulation is the most interesting subject. This review is confined to introduce the fundamental experimental paradigm and research methods relevant to the conditioned immune effects using immunopharmacologic agents and antigens as unconditioned stimuli, and to discuss the different explanations of the results. The prediction of the directions of the conditioned responses and the learning process involved in immunomodulation are also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CONCEPT FROM LEXICOLOGY OF MOSUOS Sha Yuying (Department of Education, Yunnan Teachers University, Kunming) 1996, 28 (03):  328-333.  Abstract ( 900 )   This essay, through investigating on the lexicology of Mosuo people, probed into the development of the concept of human beings. Mosuo people carried out matriarchal society until 1970's, not having its own written lan- guage. The author selected a lot of common Han words from Chinese textbooks used in primary schools, then discussed these words with local intellectuals who are the authorities on both Mosuo and Han languages. They ascertained whether these words have corresponding words in Mosuo language. The conclusion was based on agreement. The results showed that Mosuo language had relatively limitted vocabulary, and its generalization and specialization are not high. The author considered that the development of concept of Mosuo lexicology can be taken as evidence for the early development of human concept. Related Articles | Metrics