Acta Psychologica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 850-866.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00850
• Reports of Empirical Studies • Previous Articles
JIAO Liying1,2, XU Yan1(), TIAN Yi3, GUO Zhen1, ZHAO Jinzhe1
Received:
2021-06-24
Published:
2022-07-25
Online:
2022-05-16
Contact:
XU Yan
E-mail:xuyan@bnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
JIAO Liying, XU Yan, TIAN Yi, GUO Zhen, ZHAO Jinzhe. (2022). The hierarchies of good and evil personality traits. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(7), 850-866.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
URL: https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00850
The dimension of good | Representativeness | The dimension of evil | Representativeness | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||
conscientiousness and integrity | 7.41 | 1.22 | atrociousness and mercilessness | 7.27 | 1.48 |
altruism and dedication | 6.49 | 1.59 | mendacity and hypocrisy | 5.58 | 1.87 |
benevolence and amicability | 6.94 | 1.27 | calumniation and circumvention | 6.68 | 1.91 |
tolerance and magnanimity | 6.90 | 1.41 | faithlessness and treacherousness | 6.78 | 1.67 |
Table 1 Representativeness of good and evil personality traits
The dimension of good | Representativeness | The dimension of evil | Representativeness | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||
conscientiousness and integrity | 7.41 | 1.22 | atrociousness and mercilessness | 7.27 | 1.48 |
altruism and dedication | 6.49 | 1.59 | mendacity and hypocrisy | 5.58 | 1.87 |
benevolence and amicability | 6.94 | 1.27 | calumniation and circumvention | 6.68 | 1.91 |
tolerance and magnanimity | 6.90 | 1.41 | faithlessness and treacherousness | 6.78 | 1.67 |
Dimensions | Scope of trait | Desirability | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | |
conscientiousness and integrity | 8.13 | 1.24 | 6.45 | 0.54 |
altruism and dedication | 7.15 | 1.49 | 5.92 | 0.66 |
benevolence and amicability | 7.84 | 1.36 | 6.32 | 0.64 |
tolerance and magnanimity | 7.86 | 1.50 | 6.29 | 0.65 |
atrociousness and mercilessness | 2.12 | 2.32 | 1.56 | 0.87 |
mendacity and hypocrisy | 2.63 | 2.28 | 1.80 | 0.85 |
calumniation and circumvention | 2.34 | 2.28 | 1.63 | 0.84 |
faithlessness and treacherousness | 2.32 | 2.29 | 1.70 | 0.99 |
Table 2 Mean Ratings of Scope and Desirability for good and evil personality traits
Dimensions | Scope of trait | Desirability | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | |
conscientiousness and integrity | 8.13 | 1.24 | 6.45 | 0.54 |
altruism and dedication | 7.15 | 1.49 | 5.92 | 0.66 |
benevolence and amicability | 7.84 | 1.36 | 6.32 | 0.64 |
tolerance and magnanimity | 7.86 | 1.50 | 6.29 | 0.65 |
atrociousness and mercilessness | 2.12 | 2.32 | 1.56 | 0.87 |
mendacity and hypocrisy | 2.63 | 2.28 | 1.80 | 0.85 |
calumniation and circumvention | 2.34 | 2.28 | 1.63 | 0.84 |
faithlessness and treacherousness | 2.32 | 2.29 | 1.70 | 0.99 |
Personality | Trait sets | Dimensions | n | M | SD | z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Good | Group 1 | Trustworthy | 108 | 1.43 | 0.50 | -2.04* |
Dedicated | 80 | 1.57 | 0.50 | |||
Group 2 | Honest | 129 | 1.31 | 0.47 | -5.11*** | |
Acts bravely for a just cause | 59 | 1.69 | 0.47 | |||
Group 3 | Conscientious | 92 | 1.51 | 0.50 | -2.92 | |
Selfless | 96 | 1.49 | 0.50 | |||
Group 4 | Righteous | 130 | 1.31 | 0.46 | -5.25*** | |
Public-spirited | 58 | 1.69 | 0.46 | |||
Evil | Group 1 | Commits all manner of evil things | 136 | 1.28 | 0.45 | -6.13*** |
Hypocritical | 52 | 1.72 | 0.45 | |||
Group 2 | Cruel | 139 | 1.26 | 0.44 | -6.56*** | |
Good at faking | 49 | 1.74 | 0.44 | |||
Group 3 | Ferocious | 132 | 1.30 | 0.46 | -5.54*** | |
Duplicitous | 56 | 1.70 | 0.46 | |||
Group 4 | Cruel and devoid of human feelings | 148 | 1.21 | 0.41 | -7.88*** | |
Deceptive | 40 | 1.79 | 0.41 |
Table 3 Order of trait sets of each dimension
Personality | Trait sets | Dimensions | n | M | SD | z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Good | Group 1 | Trustworthy | 108 | 1.43 | 0.50 | -2.04* |
Dedicated | 80 | 1.57 | 0.50 | |||
Group 2 | Honest | 129 | 1.31 | 0.47 | -5.11*** | |
Acts bravely for a just cause | 59 | 1.69 | 0.47 | |||
Group 3 | Conscientious | 92 | 1.51 | 0.50 | -2.92 | |
Selfless | 96 | 1.49 | 0.50 | |||
Group 4 | Righteous | 130 | 1.31 | 0.46 | -5.25*** | |
Public-spirited | 58 | 1.69 | 0.46 | |||
Evil | Group 1 | Commits all manner of evil things | 136 | 1.28 | 0.45 | -6.13*** |
Hypocritical | 52 | 1.72 | 0.45 | |||
Group 2 | Cruel | 139 | 1.26 | 0.44 | -6.56*** | |
Good at faking | 49 | 1.74 | 0.44 | |||
Group 3 | Ferocious | 132 | 1.30 | 0.46 | -5.54*** | |
Duplicitous | 56 | 1.70 | 0.46 | |||
Group 4 | Cruel and devoid of human feelings | 148 | 1.21 | 0.41 | -7.88*** | |
Deceptive | 40 | 1.79 | 0.41 |
Category of hierarchy | Principles | Trends | Evaluation Index | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representativeness | Desirability | Scope of trait | Importance | |||
Hierarchy of good personality | Supportability | “Increasing to center” tendency | + | + | + | + |
Hierarchy of evil personality | Harmfulness | “Increasing to center” tendency | + | - | - | + |
Table 4 Relationship of Hierarchies within Good and Evil Personality Traits
Category of hierarchy | Principles | Trends | Evaluation Index | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representativeness | Desirability | Scope of trait | Importance | |||
Hierarchy of good personality | Supportability | “Increasing to center” tendency | + | + | + | + |
Hierarchy of evil personality | Harmfulness | “Increasing to center” tendency | + | - | - | + |
[1] |
Abele, A. E., & Wojciszke, B. (2007). Agency and communion from the perspective of self versus others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5), 751-763.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.751 URL |
[2] |
Allen, N., Birch, S., & Sarmiento-Mirwaldt, K. (2018). Honesty above all else? Expectations and perceptions of political conduct in three established democracies. Comparative European Politics, 16(3), 511-534.
doi: 10.1057/s41295-016-0084-4 URL |
[3] | Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Henry Holt. |
[4] |
Anderson, N. H. (1968). Likableness ratings of 555 personality-trait words. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(3), 272-279.
pmid: 5666976 |
[5] |
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2007). Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(2), 150-166.
doi: 10.1177/1088868306294907 URL |
[6] |
Baumert, A., Halmburger, A., & Schmitt, M. (2013). Interventions against norm violations: Dispositional determinants of self-reported and real moral courage. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(8), 1053-1068.
doi: 10.1177/0146167213490032 pmid: 23761924 |
[7] |
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 57(1), 289-300.
doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x URL |
[8] |
Berkowitz, L. (1999). Evil is more than banal: Situationism and the concept of evil. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(3), 246-253.
pmid: 15661675 |
[9] |
Book, A., Visser, B. A., & Volk, A. A. (2015). Unpacking “evil”: Claiming the core of the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 73, 29-38.
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.016 URL |
[10] |
Book, A. S., Quinsey, V. L., & Langford, D. (2007). Psychopathy and the perception of affect and vulnerability. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(4), 531-544.
doi: 10.1177/0093854806293554 URL |
[11] |
Brambilla, M., Rusconi, P., Sacchi, S., & Cherubini, P. (2011). Looking for honesty: The primary role of morality (vs. sociability and competence) in information gathering. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(2), 135-143.
doi: 10.1002/ejsp.744 URL |
[12] |
Brambilla, M., Sacchi, S., Menegatti, M., & Moscatelli, S. (2016). Honesty and dishonesty don’t move together: Trait content information influences behavioral synchrony. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 40(3), 171-186.
doi: 10.1007/s10919-016-0229-9 URL |
[13] | Brambilla, M., Sacchi, S., Rusconi, P., & Goodwin, G. P. (2021). The primacy of morality in impression development: Theory, research, and future directions. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 64, 187-262. |
[14] | Buss, D. M. (2011). Evolutionary psychology: The new science of the mind (4th Edition). Pearson Education. |
[15] | Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2012). Cybernetic control processes and the self-regulation of behavior. In The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation. Oxford University Press. |
[16] | Cattell, R. B. (1950). Personality: A systematic theoretical and factual study. New York: McGraw-Hill. |
[17] |
Cawley, M. J., Martin, J. E., & Johnson, J. A. (2000). A virtues approach to personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(5), 997-1013.
doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00207-X URL |
[18] |
Chen, F. F., Hayes, A., Carver, C. S., Laurenceau, J. P., & Zhang, Z. (2012). Modeling general and specific variance in multifaceted constructs: A comparison of the bifactor model to other approaches. Journal of Personality, 80(1), 219-251.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00739.x URL |
[19] |
Cottrell, C. A., Neuberg, S. L., & Li, N. P. (2007). What do people desire in others? A sociofunctional perspective on the importance of different valued characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 208-231.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.2.208 URL |
[20] | Dai, J. (2007). The human standards and social standards of good and evi (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Jilin University, China. |
[21] |
de la Iglesia, G., & Solano, A. C. (2018). The positive personality model (PPM): Exploring a new conceptual framework for personality assessment. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2027.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02027 URL |
[22] |
de Raad, B., & van Oudenhoven, J. P. (2011). A psycholexical study of virtues in the Dutch language, and relations between virtues and personality. European Journal of Personality, 25(1), 43-52.
doi: 10.1002/per.777 URL |
[23] | Ellemers, N. (2017). Morality and the regulation of social behavior: Groups as moral anchors. Taylor and Francis. |
[24] |
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191.
doi: 10.3758/BF03193146 URL |
[25] | Fazeli, S. A. (2019). Meanings of foundational virtue in islamic mystical ethics: A case study of honesty. Religious Inquiries, 8(15), 59-80. |
[26] | Feng, X., Xue, X. D., & Cai, S. S. (2016). Scope of trait: Inductive reasoning in the process of interpersonal perception. Academics in China, (1), 110-115. |
[27] |
Ge, X., & Hou, Y. (2021). Confucian ideal personality traits (Junzi personality) and mental health: The serial mediating roles of self-control and authenticity. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 53(4), 374-386.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.00374 URL |
[28] |
Gidron, D., Koehler, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1993). Implicit quantification of personality traits. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19(5), 594-594.
doi: 10.1177/0146167293195011 URL |
[29] |
Goodwin, G. P. (2015). Moral character in person perception. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(1), 38-44.
doi: 10.1177/0963721414550709 URL |
[30] |
Goodwin, G. P., Piazza, J., & Rozin, P. (2014). Moral character predominates in person perception and evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(1), 148-168.
doi: 10.1037/a0034726 URL |
[31] |
Gouveia, V., Vasconcelos de Oliveira, I. C., de Moura Grangeiro, A. S., Pereira Monteiro, R., & Lins de Holanda Coelho, G. (2021). The bright side of the human personality: Evidence of a measure of prosocial traits. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(3), 1459-1480.
doi: 10.1007/s10902-020-00280-2 URL |
[32] |
Gray, K., Schein, C., & Ward, A. F. (2014). The myth of harmless wrongs in moral cognition: Automatic dyadic completion from sin to suffering. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(4), 1600-1615.
doi: 10.1037/a0036149 URL |
[33] |
Gray, K., Waytz, A., & Young, L. (2012). The moral dyad: A fundamental template unifying moral judgment. Psychological Inquiry, 23(2), 206-215.
doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2012.686247 URL |
[34] | Guo, Y. (2016). Personality research. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press. |
[35] | Guo, Y. (2010). Establishment for moral personality vocabulary assessment (Unpublished master thesis). Zhengzhou University, China. |
[36] |
Hartung, J., Bader, M., Moshagen, M., & Wilhelm, O. (2021). Age and gender differences in socially aversive (“dark”) personality traits. European Journal of Personality, 36(1), 3-23.
doi: 10.1177/0890207020988435 URL |
[37] |
Hill, P. L., & Roberts, B. W. (2010). Propositions for the study of moral personality development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(6), 380-383.
doi: 10.1177/0963721410389168 URL |
[38] | Huang, X., Zhang, S. (1992). Desirability, meaningfulness and familiarity ratings of 562 personality trait adjectives. Journal of Psychological Science, (5), 17-22+63. |
[39] | Jiao, L. (2021). Good and evil personalities: Structures, the differential patterns of trait inference, and applications (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Beijing Normal University. |
[40] |
Jiao, L., Yang, Y., Guo, Z., Xu, Y., Zhang, H., & Jiang, J. (2021). Development and validation of the good and evil character traits (GECT) scale. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 62(2), 276-287.
doi: 10.1111/sjop.12696 URL |
[41] |
Jiao, L., Yang, Y., Xu, Y., Gao, S., & Zhang, H. (2019). Good and evil in Chinese culture: Personality structure and connotation. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(10), 1128-1142.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2019.01128 URL |
[42] |
Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The dirty dozen: A concise measure of the dark triad. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 420-432.
doi: 10.1037/a0019265 pmid: 20528068 |
[43] |
Jones, D. N., & Figueredo, A. J. (2013). The core of darkness: Uncovering the heart of the Dark Triad. European Journal of Personality, 27(6), 521-531.
doi: 10.1002/per.1893 URL |
[44] |
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2010). Different provocations trigger aggression in narcissists and psychopaths. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(1), 12-18.
doi: 10.1177/1948550609347591 URL |
[45] |
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28-41.
doi: 10.1177/1073191113514105 URL |
[46] | Kant, I. (1986). The metaphysics of morals (L. Miao, Trans.). Shanghai People's Publishing House, Shanghai. |
[47] |
Kaufman, S. B., Yaden, D. B., Hyde, E., & Tsukayama, E. (2019). The Light vs. Dark Triad of personality: Contrasting two very different profiles of human nature. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-26.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00001 URL |
[48] |
Klein, N., & Epley, N. (2014). The topography of generosity: Asymmetric evaluations of prosocial actions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(6), 2366-2379.
doi: 10.1037/xge0000025 URL |
[49] |
Klein, N., & O’Brien, E. (2016). The tipping point of moral change: When do good and bad acts make good and bad actors? Social cognition, 34(2), 149-166.
doi: 10.1521/soco.2016.34.2.149 URL |
[50] | Kong, F. (2006). Zhonghua Lunli Fanchou·Shan. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press. |
[51] | Kupperman, J. (1991). Character. New York: Oxford University Press. |
[52] | Landy, J., Piazza, J. R., & Goodwin, G. (2018). Morality traits still dominate in forming impressions of others. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(25), E5636. |
[53] |
Landy, J. F., Piazza, J., & Goodwin, G. P. (2016). When it’s bad to be friendly and smart: The desirability of sociability and competence depends on morality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(9), 1272-1290.
doi: 10.1177/0146167216655984 URL |
[54] |
Marcus, D. K., Preszler, J., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2018). A network of dark personality traits: What lies at the heart of darkness? Journal of Research in Personality, 73, 56-62.
doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.11.003 URL |
[55] | Maslow, A. (1962). Toward a psychology of being. New York, NY: Wiley. |
[56] |
Morales-Vives, F., de Raad, B., & Vigil-Colet, A. (2014). Psycho-lexically based virtue factors in Spain and their relation with personality traits. Journal of General Psychology, 141(4), 297-325.
doi: 10.1080/00221309.2014.938719 pmid: 25302585 |
[57] |
Moshagen, M., Hilbig, B. E., & Zettler, I. (2018). The dark core of personality. Psychological Review, 125(5), 656-688.
doi: 10.1037/rev0000111 pmid: 29999338 |
[58] | Mu, S., & Gu, H. (2010). Development of the Virtue Adjectives Rating Scale and research on its reliability and validity. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 18(3), 310-313. |
[59] | Neumann, C. S., Kaufman, S. B., ten Brinke, L., Yaden, D. B., Hyde, E., & Tsykayama, E. (2020). Light and dark trait subtypes of human personality - A multi-study person-centered approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 164, 1-11. |
[60] |
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556-563.
doi: 10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6 URL |
[61] | Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: Oxford University Press. |
[62] |
Piazza, J., Goodwin, G. P., Rozin, P., & Royzman, E. B. (2014). When a virtue is not a virtue: Conditional virtues in moral evaluation. Social Cognition, 32(6), 528-558.
doi: 10.1521/soco.2014.32.6.528 URL |
[63] |
Piazza, J., Landy, J. F., & Goodwin, G. P. (2014). Cruel nature: Harmfulness as an important, overlooked dimension in judgments of moral standing. Cognition, 131(1), 108-124.
doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2013.12.013 pmid: 24462925 |
[64] |
Reeder, G. D. (1993). Trait-behavior relations and dispositional inference. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19(5), 586-593.
doi: 10.1177/0146167293195010 URL |
[65] |
Reeder, G. D., & Brewer, M. B. (1979). A schematic model of dispositional attribution in interpersonal perception. Psychological Review, 86(1), 61-79.
doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.86.1.61 URL |
[66] |
Roivainen, E. (2013). Frequency of the use of English personality adjectives: Implications for personality theory. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(4), 417-420.
doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.04.004 URL |
[67] |
Roivainen, E. (2016). A folk-psychological ranking of personality facets. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 4(4), 187-195.
doi: 10.5114/cipp.2016.62698 URL |
[68] |
Rothbart, M., & Park, B. (1986). On the confirmability and disconfirmability of trait concepts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(1), 131-142.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.50.1.131 URL |
[69] |
Schein, C., & Gray, K. (2016). Moralization and harmification: The dyadic loop explains how the innocuous becomes harmful and wrong. Psychological Inquiry, 27(1), 62-65.
doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2016.1111121 URL |
[70] | Shklar, J. N. (1984). Ordinary vices. Harvard University Press. |
[71] |
Shryack, J., Steger, M. F., Krueger, R. F., & Kallie, C. S. (2010). The structure of virtue: An empirical investigation of the dimensionality of the virtues in action inventory of strengths. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(6), 714-719.
doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.007 URL |
[72] |
Smith, K. D., Smith, S. T., & Christopher, J. C. (2007). What defines the good person? Cross-cultural comparisons of experts’ models with lay prototypes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(3), 333-360.
doi: 10.1177/0022022107300279 URL |
[73] |
Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2011). Age differences in personality traits from 10 to 65: Big Five domains and facets in a large cross-sectional sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(2), 330-348.
doi: 10.1037/a0021717 URL |
[74] |
Thielmann, I., Spadaro, G., & Balliet, D. (2020). Personality and prosocial behavior: A theoretical framework and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 146(1), 30-90.
doi: 10.1037/bul0000217 pmid: 31841013 |
[75] | Walker, L. J. (2004). Gus in the gap:Bridging the judgment-action gap in moral functioning. In D. K. Lapsley, & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Moral development, self, and identity (pp.1-20). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. |
[76] |
Walker, L. J., & Hennig, K. H. (2004). Differing conceptions of moral exemplarity: Just, brave, and caring. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(4), 629-647.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.4.629 URL |
[77] |
Walker, L. J., & Pitts, R. C. (1998). Naturalistic conceptions of moral maturity. Developmental Psychology, 34(3), 403-419.
pmid: 9597350 |
[78] | Wang, D., & Cui., H. (2005). Explorations of Chinese personality. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press (China). |
[79] | Wang, Y., & Guo, B. (2011). A preliminary study on the characteristics of undergraduates’ moral personality. Journal of Psychological Science, 34(6), 1436-1440. |
[80] |
Wei, Q., Li, M., & Chen, X. (2018). Social class and social perception: Is warmth or competence more important? Acta Psychologica Sinica, 50(2), 243-252.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.00243 URL |
[81] |
Weiss, A., Michels, C., Burgmer, P., Mussweiler, T., Ockenfels, A., & Hofmann, W. (2020). Trust in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 121(1), 95-114.
doi: 10.1037/pspi0000334 URL |
[82] | Welner, M. (2009). The justice and therapeutic promise of science-based research on criminal evil. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 37(4), 442-449. |
[83] |
Willis, J., & Todorov, A. (2006). First impression: Making up your mind after a 100-ms exposure to a face. Psychological Science, 17(7), 592-598.
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01750.x URL |
[84] |
Wojciszke, B., Bazinska, R., & Jaworski, M. (1998). On the dominance of moral categories in impression formation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(12), 1251-1263.
doi: 10.1177/01461672982412001 URL |
[85] |
Wood, D. (2015). Testing the lexical hypothesis: Are socially important traits more densely reflected in the English lexicon? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(2), 317-335.
doi: 10.1037/a0038343 URL |
[86] | Yan, G., & Liu, T. (2005). The traditional five-fact or personality theory of ancient China. Journal of Psychological Science, 28, 780-783. |
[87] | Yu. F. (2014). Psychology of virtue: What, why and how (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Tsinghua University, Beijing. |
[88] |
Yu, F., Peng, K., Dong, R., Chai, F., & Han, T. (2013). The psychological research paradigms of moral personality. Advances in Psychological Science, 21(12), 2235-2244.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2013.02235 URL |
[89] | Yu, F., & Xu, L. (2018). Chinese moral structure:a moral differential circle. Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Social Science Edition), (6), 65-74. |
[90] | Yuan, X., & Guo, S. (2017). Differential mode of association in Chinese interpersonal relationship affection: Evidence from Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST). Journal of Psychological Science, 40(3), 651-656. |
[91] | Zhang, H., Huang, J., Huang, C., Wang, W., & Hu, C. (2019). Are wise men necessarily benevolent? A reflection upon the relationship between wisdom and virtue. Journal of Psychological Science, 42(3), 761-767. |
[92] | Zhang, H., Zhao, H., & Xu, Y. (2018). The structure of Chinese virtuous personality and questionnaire development. Psychological Exploration, 38(3), 221-227. |
[93] | Zhou, M., Li, F., Mu, W., Fan, W., Zhang, J., & Zhang, M. (2022, in press). Round outside and square inside: The latent profile structure and adaptability of Chinese interpersonal relatedness. Acta Psychologica Sinica. |
[94] | Zuo, B., Dai, T., Wen, F., & Suo, Y. (2015). The big two model in social cognition. Journal of Psychological Science, 38(4), 1019-1023. |
[1] | TIAN Yi, WANG Li, XU Yan, JIAO Liying. Psychological structure of social mindfulness in Chinese culture [J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2021, 53(9): 1003-1017. |
[2] | JI Hao,XIE Xiao-Yun,XIAO Yong-Ping,GAN Xiao-Le,FENG Wen. Does power hierarchy benefit or hurt team performance? The roles of hierarchical consistency and power struggle [J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2019, 51(3): 366-382. |
[3] | JIAO Liying, YANG Ying, XU Yan, GAO Shuqing, ZHANG Heyun. Good and evil in Chinese culture: Personality structure and connotation [J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2019, 51(10): 1128-1142. |
[4] | KANG Chunhua; REN Ping; ZENG Pingfei. The influence factors of grade response cluster diagnostic method [J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2016, 48(7): 891-902. |
[5] | ZHU Xiangru, ZHANG Yan, YANG Suyong, WU Haiyan, WANG Lili, GU Ruolei. The Motivational Hierarchy between Self and Mother: Evidence from the Feedback-related Negativity [J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2015, 47(6): 807-813. |
[6] | TU Dongbo;CAI Yan;DAI Haiqi. Comparison and Selection of Five Noncompensatory Cognitive Diagnosis Models Based on Attribute Hierarchy Structure [J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2013, 45(2): 243-252. |
[7] | LUO-Huan,DING Shu-Liang,WANG Wen-Yi,YU Xiao-Feng,CAO Hui-Yuan. Attribute Hierarchy Method Based on Graded Response Model with Different Scoring-Weight for Attributes [J]. , 2010, 42(04): 528-538. |
[8] |
Zhu Yu-Fang,Ding Shu-Liang.
A Polytomous Extension of Attribute Hierarchy Method Based on Graded Response Model [J]. , 2009, 41(03): 267-275. |
[9] | DING Shu-Liang,ZHU Yu-Fang,LIN Hai-Jing,CAI Yan. Modification of Tatsuoka’s Q Matrix Theory [J]. , 2009, 41(02): 175-181. |
[10] | Wang Dengfeng,Cui Hong. An Extension of etic-emic Hypothesis of Chinese-Western Personality Constructs: Evidences From QZPS and NEO PI-R [J]. , 2008, 40(03): 327-338. |
[11] | Cui-Hong,Wang Dengfeng. An Analysis of the Contents of Chinese and Western Extroversion Dimension [J]. , 2006, 38(03): 414-421. |
[12] | Jing-Huaibin. Confucian Coping and Its Role to Mental Health [J]. , 2006, 38(01): 126-134. |
[13] | Xu-Hongtu,-Li-Lihong. Application of AHP and Fuzzy Complex Evaluation on Consumer Psychology of Health Product [J]. , 2005, 37(06): 826-831. |
[14] | Wang Dengfeng,Cui Hong. PROCESSES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CHINESE PERSONALITY SCALE(QZPS) [J]. , 2003, 35(01): 127-136. |
[15] | Jing Huaibin(Department of psychology, Department of philosophy, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275). THREE APPROACHES TO MENTAL HEALTH IN TRADITINAL CHINESE CULTURE [J]. , 2002, 34(03): 107-112. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||