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25 June 1996, Volume 28 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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CONSTRUCTION OF THE CHINESE VOCATIONAL INTEREST INVENTORY OF HOLLAND TYPE Fang Liluo,Bai Ligang,Lin Wenquan(Institute of Psychology,Academia Sinica,Beijing,100012 ) 1996, 28 (2):  113-119.  Abstract ( 1158 )   Following Holland's vocational interest theory and his Self-Directed Search, considering the characteristic of Chinese conditions and vocational classification,we constructed the Chinese Vocational Interest Inventory of Holland type suited to Chinese condition.The results showed that the constructed inventory has clear factor structure,possesses Holland-RIASEC theory hypothesis,good reliability and validity. Related Articles | Metrics

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CONFIRMITORY FACTOR ANALYSIS TO THE CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF THE CHINESE VOCATIONAL INTEREST INVENTORY OF HOLLAND TYPE(Ⅱ):THE CONTRAST OF THE MTMM-LISREL,MODELS' Bai Ligang,Lin Wenquan,Fang Liluo(Institute of Psychology Academia Sinica,Beijing,100012) 1996, 28 (2):  120-125.  Abstract ( 1115 )   The Chinese Vocational interest Inventory of Holland Type was cross-validated by applying confirmitory factor analysis.The results showed that the convergent and discriminant validity was good,but also some effects of method-bias.In this study we tested the effects of traits,methods and method-bias respectively by applying the contrast of the MTMM-LISREL Models.The results suggested substantial support that the inventory's RIASEC construct validity is good,the effects of method-bias is limited. Related Articles | Metrics

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PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BRAIN FUNCTION SUBSEQUENT TO EXPOSURE TO LOW LEVEL OF TOLUENE Boey Kam Weng(Department of Social Work,University of Hong Kong) 1996, 28 (2):  126-130.  Abstract ( 1065 )   This study compared the neuropsychological performance of a group of 29 workers occupationally exposed to low level of toluene(8 hours TWA=88.0 ppm)with a control group(N=29)not exposed to toluene(8 hours TWA=13.5ppm).The psychological tests consisted of Digit Span,Visual Reproduction of WMS,Benton Visual Retention Test,Trail-Making Test,Symbol-Digit Modality Test,Grooved Pegboard Test,and Finger Tapping Test.Results of the study showed that the performance of the exposed workers were poorer than the control subjects in verbal and nonverbal short term memory,attention and concentration,perceptual-motor function,and finger dexterity.These findings suggested that the brain functions of the exposed workers were significantly deteriorated. The findings also confirmed the usefulness of psychological tests in the detection of neurotoxic effects of occupational exposure to low level of toluene. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EFFECT OF RATIONING MOTOR LOAD AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS ON KINESTHESIS POSITION ACCURACY OF ELBOW JOINTS AND STABILITY OF HAND ACTION Shi Yan,Yan Shoufu, Shen Gaolu(Department of Physical Education,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006) 1996, 28 (2):  131-138.  Abstract ( 1078 )   The purpose of this research was to explore the relations between personality characteristics and rationing motor load in kinesthesis position accuracy of elbow joints and stability of hand action which were closely related with the technique level of archers.The research results showed that the effects of personality characteristics on kinesthesis position accuracy of elbow joints and stability of hand action were not significant,the kinesthesis position accuracy of elbow joints obviously increased by using the rationing motor load, but the stability of hand action did not obviously change.Therefore this study initially proved that the archery training method of South Korea,in which the archer's heart rate was improved by running,was practical and effective. Related Articles | Metrics

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ON THE ATTRIBUTION OF SUCCESS OR FAILURE OF PRIMARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS IN EXAMINATIONS Han Rensheng(The Education Department, Qufu Teachers'University) 1996, 28 (2):  140-147.  Abstract ( 1689 )   This study randomly Chose 410 valid testees from the third grade of primary school,the second grade of junior middle school and senior middle school;and probes into the general characteristics of primary and middle school students' attribution to,anticipation of and emotional response to examination results.The findings are:(1).Primary and middle school students have different cause consciousness of success or failure in examinations.The difference among grades is prominent while as the difference between sexes is not so prominent.(2).Anticipation after failure is obviously higher than success situation,and they obviously believe the result of failure can be changed.(3).primary and middle school students mainly have a feeling of gratefulness pride and relief after success,a feeling of compunction after failure.The emotional response after their success is stronger. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EFFECT OF TWO STRATEGIES OF CONTEXT PERSONIZATION AND REWORDING IN THE SOLVING OF PROBLEMS Yan Meifu,Zhou Xinlin,Zeng Jieying(Dept.of Educational Administration, Hubei University,Wuhan,430062) 1996, 28 (2):  148-153.  Abstract ( 1065 )   This experiment used context personization and rewording as problem-solving strategies to explore their effect on the students in the solving of addition an substraction word problems.There was a 4×3×2×2(experimental groups×mathematical ability levels×familiar degrees×relation of situation and operation mixed design.Below are the conclusions:(1)In general,the students can make context personization and rewording independently.(2)In this experiment,it is no good for students of high mathematical ability level to use them seperately,but to use them unitedly or use the strategy of context personization singly can bring more benefit to students of middle and low mathematical ability level than high leveled students.(3) It has effect when strategy of context personization is used to solve unfamiliar problems in the context.(4)It has no effect when used to solve irrelevant problems in relation to situation and operation,(5)Besides the narrative problem scheme,there is a structural problem scheme.The teacher can teach students to use these two strategies. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE ROLE OF PICTURES IN COMPREHENSION OF EXPOSITORY TEXTS Liu Baoxia,Zhang Houcan,Shu Hua(Dept,of Psychology,Beijing Normal University,l00875) 1996, 28 (2):  154-159.  Abstract ( 2156 )   This study focused on the role that pictures play in expository text reading.The experiments probed into the reading process by using moving window technique.The spatial ability of the subjects is considered a factor influencing reading comprehension.The results manifested that:(a)picture can enhance reading comprehension and accelerate reading speed;(b)picture assists the construction of the referential representation of the object described in the text,improving the comprehension of important concepts and the integration of related information;(c)pictures can help the readers with low spatial ability to comprehend important concepts and integrate related information. Related Articles | Metrics

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AWARENESS OF PHONOLOGICAL CUES IN PRONUNCIATION OF CHINESE CHARACTERS AND ITS DEVELOPMENT Shu Hua,Zeng Hongmei(Beijing Normal University,100875) 1996, 28 (2):  160-165.  Abstract ( 1371 )   Using a paper-pencil test,this study investigated into second, forth and sixth grade.students'pronunciation of phonogram characters with different familiarities.The results showed that children performed significantly better on regular characters than on irregular and sound component unknown characters,Children used the phonological cues of characters more frequently when pronouncing unfamiliar characters,and the children of higher and lower ability performed differently.The analysis of the types of pronouncing errors showed that,compared with lower graders,the ratio of unsystematic errors in pronunciation by higher graders decreased,while their ratio of sound-component and analogy errors increased. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EFFECTS OF INPUT MODALITY ON DUAL-TASK PERFORMANCE Ge Liezhong,Zhu Zuxiang [Dept.of psychology,Hangzhou university,310028) 1996, 28 (2):  166-172.  Abstract ( 1068 )   This is a study on the effects of different input modality on dual-task performance.It was proved that if there was different input modality for dual-tasks,the dual-task performance would be improved due to the decrement of information interference. The results supported the two-factor theory on dual-task performance. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DISPERSION OF REGULAR POLYGON SIGNALS AND THE COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE Cao Liren,Zhu Zuxiang,Cao Zhenfu(Department of Psychology,Hangzhou University Post code:3l0028) 1996, 28 (2):  173-179.  Abstract ( 981 )   An experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between the dispersion of regular polygon signals and its cognitive performance;The experimental variable was the dispersion of polygons, and the dependent variable was the rate of visual information transfer.The stimuli materials were 25 regular polygons with different dispersion ranging from 0.3 to 0.7.The experimental procedure was carried on a computer,including stimuli presenting and the reaction data collecting.The results showed that the polygon signals with middle(about 0.5)or lower dispersion had higher cognitive performance.With the dispersion increasing from 0.5 to 0.6,the cognitive performance decreased rapidly,then with the dispersion further increasing,the cognitive performance decreased continuously,but the decrease rate bacame slower. Related Articles | Metrics

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INVESTIGATION INTO THE RETRIEVAL MECHANISM OF TEMPORAL ORDER INFORMATION Li Honghan,Huang Xiting(Department and Institute of Psychology,Southwest China Normal University,Chongqing) 1996, 28 (2):  180-191.  Abstract ( 1041 )   The temporal order information is recovered by a recency-based,backward serial retrieval process,according to the previous classic JOR(judgment of recency)study.The retrieval mechanism of temporal order information from short-term memory was examined carefully with the JOR and JOE(judgment of earliness)paradigms.The results showed:(1)Order information can be retrieved by either a backward serial scan or a forward serial search;(2)JOE and JOR had different effects on different parts of the study list,that is,the JOE enhanced the earlier part,and JOR strengthened the latter part,showing that they raise the corresponding d'and shorten its RT;(3)Subjects transform their reaction in special situations,depending on the memory representation of the items. Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON RISK PERCEPTION TACTICS WITH COMPUTER SIMULATION Xie Xiaofei(Beijing University,Beijing,l0087l)Xu Liancang(Institute of Psychology,Academia Sinica,Beijing,100012) 1996, 28 (2):  192-200.  Abstract ( 1079 )   Risk Perception Tactics are risk-taking tendencies of individuals in risky situations which can be measured through the behavioral tactics,This experimental study simulated risky situations with computers,and researched on the relations between risk perception tactics of individuals and risk situation factors,The results expressed that people adjust their risk-taking tactics according to varying factors in risky situations,i.e.risk degrees,risk information types,and the perception on controllability or non-controllability,The risk-taking tendencies of individuals are mental characteristics which are relatively stable,The adjustment of risk perception tactics related not only with mental characteristics,but also with risk situation factors. Related Articles | Metrics

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REVIEW ON THE ESSENCE OF WILL BY ANCIENT CHINESE SCHOLARS Zhu Yongxin(Suzhou University,215006) 1996, 28 (2):  201-208.  Abstract ( 1016 )   Ancient China had very wealthy psychological theories on will,such as the conception of will,the essence of will,the relation between Zhi(direction of mind,one function of will)and Yi(operation of mind,another function of will),the functions of will,and so on.This paper probed into the essence of will in ancient China. Related Articles | Metrics

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FUNCTIONAL HEMISPHERIC LATERALIZATION IN COGNITIVE PROCESSING ARABIC NUMERALS AND NUMERALS IN CAPITALS OF CHINESE CHARACTERS Cai Houde(Nanjing Normal University,210024) 1996, 28 (2):  209-214.  Abstract ( 1287 )   Tachistoscopic visual half-field test was used to investigate functional hemispheric laterality for three kinds of cognitive processing task (reading,simple addition and conceptual decision)on Arabic numerals and numerals in capital of Chinese characters.The results were as follows:1 When determined by percentage of correct reaction,there were no significant hemispheric advantages on all three tasks for two kinds of numerals.2When determined by reaction-time of correct reaction,there was a significant right visual half-field(left hemisphere)advantage on odd-even conceptual decision task but not on reading and simple addition tasks for two kinds of numerals. Related Articles | Metrics

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SOME EXPERIMENTS ON THE COGNITIVE PARTICULA RITIES OF CHILDREN WITH SPELLING DIFFICULTIES Li Xiaowen(Beijing Medical University)Guo Nianfeng(Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences) 1996, 28 (2):  215-222.  Abstract ( 1115 )   This research aims to further testify:(1)whether Chinese children have spelling difficulties in learning Chinese phonetic alphabet and(2)to compare the children with spelling difficulties with normal ones through the methods of cognitive psychology,so that a deeper understanding can be gained about their ability of cognitive integration and accurate discrimination,The results are as follow:(1)Of the l060 Chinese children,12(12‰)have spelling difficulties in learning the Chinese phonetic alphabet;(2)The children with spelling difficulties are inferior to the normal group in the ability of cognitive integration and accurate discrimination.This might be the cognitive basis of their spelling difficulties. Related Articles | Metrics