仪式动作、象征意义和积极情绪增强控制感：双路径机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00054

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以中国普米族人的传统文化仪式“敬锅庄”为例, 采用回忆任务、创设新颖仪式等方法考察仪式动作、象征意义和积极情绪对普米族青少年及成人的控制感的影响。结果表明, 熟悉敬锅庄仪式的动作、象征意义或者具有更多情感体验的青少年的控制感更强。仪式动作与象征意义对控制感的影响存在双路径机制：仪式动作直接增强个体的控制感, 象征意义通过积极情绪间接增强个体的控制感。象征意义与控制感的关系还因仪式主体不同有所区别：祈求庇佑通过积极情绪间接增强青少年的控制感, 表达感恩通过积极情绪间接增强成年人的控制感。研究结果对探究仪式动作、象征意义和积极情绪对个体控制感的影响有重要启示。

关键词: 控制感, 仪式动作, 象征意义, 积极情绪, 敬锅庄仪式

Abstract:

Perceived control is an important psychological resource for human beings when faced with various natural disasters and social and cultural pressures. As a main component of culture, rituals are an important factor in helping people acquire and enhance their perceived control. Guozhuang worship is an essential part of life for the Pumi people, an ethnic group living in southwest China.
Guozhuang is a rectangular piece of white stone in front of the huotang in Pumi family, and it is regarded as the incarnation of ancestors of Pumi people. In Guozhuang worship, Pumi people call the names of their ancestors and invite them to enjoy a tribute. To explore the influence of ritual on perceived control, this study examined the ritual of worshiping Guozhuang among the Pumi people and explored the influence of rituals on perceived control as well as the mediating role of positive emotions from two aspects, namely, ritual action and the symbolic meaning of the ritual.
This study conducted three experiments. In Experiment 1, we examined 73 Pumi adolescents and used the recall task to ask participants to describe their experience of worshiping Guozhuang. The results revealed that the perceived control in the high-involvement group was significantly higher than that in the low-involvement group. In Experiment 2, we created a novel ritual to manipulate ritual action and symbolic meaning and conducted a 2 (ritual action: action for ancestor worship vs. no action for ancestor worship) × 3 (symbolic meaning: gratitude vs. blessing vs. no meaning expression) behavior experiment with 105 Pumi adolescents and discussed the mediating role of positive emotions. We found that performing ritual actions could directly enhance Pumi adolescents’ perceived control, while the meaning of prayer could only enhance perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. In Experiment 3, middle-aged and elderly Pumi people were given a recall task to initiate the experience of worshiping Guozhuang. The results revealed that the perceived control in the high-involvement group was significantly higher than that in the low-involvement group. Further analysis indicated that when middle-aged and elderly people expressed their gratitude to their ancestors in worshiping Guozhuang they could affect their perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions.
This study concluded that there is a dual-path way mechanism in the influence of ritual actions and symbolic meaning on peoples’ perceived control. Ritual actions directly enhance perceived control, while symbolic meaning enhances perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. The influence that the subjects of the ritual and the symbolic meanings of the ritual that the positive emotion plays have on the perceived control varies depending on the experience of ritual practitioners: adolescents tend to express blessings, while middle-aged and older adults tend to express gratitude.

Key words: perceived control, ritual action, symbolic meaning of ritual, positive emotions, Guozhuang worship

中图分类号:

B849: C91

尹可丽, 兰淼森, 李慧, 赵子文. (2022). 仪式动作、象征意义和积极情绪增强控制感：双路径机制. 心理学报, 54(1), 54-65.

YIN Keli, LAN Miaosen, LI Hui, ZHAO Ziwen. (2022). How ritual actions, symbolic meanings, and positive emotions enhance perceived control: A dual path way mechanism. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(1), 54-65.

图/表 8

参考文献 53

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图片类型	愉悦度	唤醒度	优势度
生活用品	4.57(1.60)	4.45(1.78)	5.29(2.20)
交通工具	4.55(1.65)	4.53(1.77)	5.05(1.92)

图片类型	愉悦度	唤醒度	优势度
生活用品	4.57(1.60)	4.45(1.78)	5.29(2.20)
交通工具	4.55(1.65)	4.53(1.77)	5.05(1.92)

仪式动作	象征意义	积极情绪	控制感
执行动作	感恩	10.87 (2.78)	12.16 (2.15)
	庇佑	12.85 (1.99)	13.33 (1.85)
	无表达	9.94 (2.50)	12.34 (2.54)
无动作	感恩	10.32 (3.00)	11.94 (2.62)
	庇佑	12.33 (1.91)	12.79 (1.88)
	无表达	9.72 (2.94)	11.78 (2.12)

仪式动作	象征意义	积极情绪	控制感
执行动作	感恩	10.87 (2.78)	12.16 (2.15)
	庇佑	12.85 (1.99)	13.33 (1.85)
	无表达	9.94 (2.50)	12.34 (2.54)
无动作	感恩	10.32 (3.00)	11.94 (2.62)
	庇佑	12.33 (1.91)	12.79 (1.88)
	无表达	9.72 (2.94)	11.78 (2.12)

变量	M ± SD	1	2	3	4
1呼唤代数	4.70 ± 4.73	1
2积极情绪	14.22 ± 1.42	0.204	1
3感恩	22.97 ± 2.72	0.175	0.483***	1
4庇佑	20.10 ± 4.25	0.084	0.251*	0.698***	1
5控制感	13.51 ± 1.94	0.317**	0.243*	0.055	-0.012