心理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 1266-1277.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.01266
收稿日期:
2019-08-16
发布日期:
2020-09-22
出版日期:
2020-11-25
通讯作者:
杨春亮
E-mail:chunliang.yang@bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
WANG Tangsheng1,3, YANG Chunliang2(), ZHONG Nian3
Received:
2019-08-16
Online:
2020-09-22
Published:
2020-11-25
Contact:
YANG Chunliang
E-mail:chunliang.yang@bnu.edu.cn
摘要:
为检验前置测试是否可以有效地提升老年人学习新事物的能力,参与实验的老年人被随机分为有前置测试的实验组和无前置测试的对照组,在实验1中学习了5列单词,在实验2中记忆了5列日用品,在实验3中学习了4段讲座视频。结果表明,实验组老年人对新事物的记忆成绩均高于对照组的老年人。结论认为,前置测试能够显著提升老年人学习新事物的能力,干扰降低与学习参与相结合的“加减”理论能更好地解释提升老年人记忆的前向测试效应。
中图分类号:
王堂生, 杨春亮, 钟年. (2020). 记忆的前向测试效应对老年人学习新事物的作用. 心理学报, 52(11), 1266-1277.
WANG Tangsheng, YANG Chunliang, ZHONG Nian. (2020). Forward testing effect on new learning in older adults. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(11), 1266-1277.
控制变量 | 实验组(n = 15) | 对照组(n = 15) | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁) | 66.73 ± 5.73 | 66.13 ± 3.92 | 0.33 | 0.74 |
教育程度(年限) | 15.13 ± 3.27 | 15.92 ± 4.98 | 0.63 | 0.53 |
健康(5级) | 3.53 ± 0.74 | 3.33 ± 0.98 | 0.30 | 0.61 |
表1 实验1实验组和对照组被试在控制变量上的组间差异
控制变量 | 实验组(n = 15) | 对照组(n = 15) | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁) | 66.73 ± 5.73 | 66.13 ± 3.92 | 0.33 | 0.74 |
教育程度(年限) | 15.13 ± 3.27 | 15.92 ± 4.98 | 0.63 | 0.53 |
健康(5级) | 3.53 ± 0.74 | 3.33 ± 0.98 | 0.30 | 0.61 |
控制变量 | 实验组(n = 16) | 对照组(n = 16) | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁) | 66.47 ± 4.93 | 65.63 ± 4.24 | 0.51 | 0.61 |
教育程度(年限) | 9.93 ±3.28 | 9.25 ± 2.29 | 0.68 | 0.51 |
健康(5级) | 2.73 ± 0.46 | 2.75 ± 0.77 | -0.07 | 0.94 |
词汇得分(总分40) | 36.87 ± 3.31 | 35.94 ± 3.15 | 0.80 | 0.43 |
工作记忆 | 5.73 ± 0.98 | 5.40 ± 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.35 |
认知加工精度(%) | 92.96 ± 7.99 | 89.58 ± 10.32 | 1.02 | 0.32 |
认知加工速度(秒) | 6.54 ± 1.11 | 6.29 ± 1.81 | 0.46 | 0.65 |
表2 实验2实验组和对照组被试在控制变量上的组间差异
控制变量 | 实验组(n = 16) | 对照组(n = 16) | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁) | 66.47 ± 4.93 | 65.63 ± 4.24 | 0.51 | 0.61 |
教育程度(年限) | 9.93 ±3.28 | 9.25 ± 2.29 | 0.68 | 0.51 |
健康(5级) | 2.73 ± 0.46 | 2.75 ± 0.77 | -0.07 | 0.94 |
词汇得分(总分40) | 36.87 ± 3.31 | 35.94 ± 3.15 | 0.80 | 0.43 |
工作记忆 | 5.73 ± 0.98 | 5.40 ± 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.35 |
认知加工精度(%) | 92.96 ± 7.99 | 89.58 ± 10.32 | 1.02 | 0.32 |
认知加工速度(秒) | 6.54 ± 1.11 | 6.29 ± 1.81 | 0.46 | 0.65 |
控制变量 | 实验组(n = 25) | 对照组(n = 24) | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁) | 67.16 ± 6.44 | 66.96 ± 6.20 | 0.11 | 0.91 |
教育程度(年限) | 10.92 ± 3.11 | 11.04 ± 3.11 | -0.14 | 0.89 |
健康(5级) | 3.08 ± 0.64 | 3.21 ± 0.83 | -0.61 | 0.55 |
词汇得分(总分40) | 37.08 ± 3.21 | 36.21 ± 4.23 | 0.81 | 0.42 |
工作记忆 | 5.84 ± 1.07 | 5.73 ± 1.22 | 0.34 | 0.74 |
认知加工精度(%) | 96.22 ± 5.25 | 96.30 ± 4.54 | -0.05 | 0.96 |
认知加工速度(秒) | 6.37 ± 2.13 | 5.73 ± 1.22 | 0.48 | 0.64 |
表3 实验3实验组和对照组被试在控制变量上的组间差异
控制变量 | 实验组(n = 25) | 对照组(n = 24) | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁) | 67.16 ± 6.44 | 66.96 ± 6.20 | 0.11 | 0.91 |
教育程度(年限) | 10.92 ± 3.11 | 11.04 ± 3.11 | -0.14 | 0.89 |
健康(5级) | 3.08 ± 0.64 | 3.21 ± 0.83 | -0.61 | 0.55 |
词汇得分(总分40) | 37.08 ± 3.21 | 36.21 ± 4.23 | 0.81 | 0.42 |
工作记忆 | 5.84 ± 1.07 | 5.73 ± 1.22 | 0.34 | 0.74 |
认知加工精度(%) | 96.22 ± 5.25 | 96.30 ± 4.54 | -0.05 | 0.96 |
认知加工速度(秒) | 6.37 ± 2.13 | 5.73 ± 1.22 | 0.48 | 0.64 |
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