不同形式运动锻炼老年人运动皮层突触可塑性的差异：来自TMS的研究证据

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2023.01653

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

尽管研究发现运动锻炼会导致大脑运动皮层可塑性改变, 但对不同形式运动锻炼老年人初级运动皮层突触可塑性变化的差异性却知之甚少。研究采用经颅磁刺激技术, 横向比较了乒乓球锻炼老年人、太极拳锻炼老年人和久坐老年人在配对联合刺激(PAS25)前、后动作诱发电位和短时程皮层内抑制的变化。结果发现, 经常参与乒乓球和太极拳运动锻炼老年人PAS25后的动作诱发电位振幅持续增强, 且乒乓球锻炼老年人增强的幅度显著高于太极拳锻炼老年人。三组老年人PAS25后各个时间点的短时程皮层内抑制均没有差异性。提示不同形式运动锻炼老年人初级运动皮层突触可塑性增强存在运动项目差异性。

关键词: 运动锻炼, 老年人, 经颅磁刺激, 动作诱发电位, 运动皮层

Abstract:

Although studies have found that exercise can lead to changes in the plasticity of the motor cortex, little is known about the changes in primary motor cortex synaptic plasticity associated with different forms of exercise among older adults. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in motor cortex synaptic plasticity associated with a small hand muscle among older adults who regularly participated in table tennis or tai chi or who were sedentary.

Based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and their answers to a self-reported questionnaire, 54 older adults (60~70 years) were selected who often participated in table tennis (n = 18) or tai chi (n = 18) exercise or who were sedentary (n= 18). The target muscle was the abductor pollicis brevis of the right hand. Motor cortex synaptic plasticity associated with the abductor pollicis brevis muscle was induced by a paired combination of peripheral nerve electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation with an interval of 25 ms (PAS25). Single-pulse and double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to the left primary motor cortex to measure changes in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and short-interval intracortical inhibition recorded in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle before and after PAS25, to compare the differences in primary motor cortex synaptic plasticity among the three groups.

The results showed that mean MEP amplitudes immediately and 30 and 60 min after PAS25 in the table tennis group were significantly higher than those in sedentary group; mean MEP amplitudes immediately and 30 min after PAS25 in the tai chi group were significantly higher than those in the sedentary group; and mean MEP amplitudes immediately and 30 and 60 min after PAS25 in the table tennis group were significantly higher than those in the tai chi group. There were no differences in the short-interval intracortical inhibition at any time point after PAS25 among the three groups.

These results indicated that regular participation in table tennis or tai chi can induce a sustained increase in primary motor cortex excitability in older adults and that there are differences in primary motor cortex synaptic plasticity in older adults associated with different forms of exercise. These results suggest that increased synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex may play an important role in the acquisition and promotion of motor skills during exercise in older adults.

Key words: physical exercise, older adults, transcranial magnetic stimulation, motor evoked potential, motor cortex

中图分类号:

孟海江, 陈蕾, 王刚, 张剑. (2023). 不同形式运动锻炼老年人运动皮层突触可塑性的差异：来自TMS的研究证据. 心理学报, 55(10), 1653-1661.

MENG Haijiang, CHEN Lei, WANG Gang, ZHANG Jian. (2023). Differences in motor cortex synaptic plasticity associated with two forms of exercise in older adults: Evidence from TMS studies. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 55(10), 1653-1661.

图/表 7

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入选标准	排除标准
1. 60~70岁	1. 患有阿尔茨海默症或者其它神经退行性疾病
2. 自愿参与整个研究	2. 简易精神状态测试得分 ≤ 26分
3. 能够填写书面知情同意书	3. 由于神经肌肉或肌肉骨骼的限制而无法运动人群
4. 经常参与乒乓球或太极拳锻炼或经常久坐人群	4. 具有精神分裂症、情感性障碍或抑郁症等心理疾病
	5. 具有睡眠障碍病史
	6. 近2年内有酗酒依赖史
	7. 近5年内有癌症病史或其它严重的系统性疾病
	8. 具有高血压、冠心病及其它器质性心脏病
	9. 具有内分泌代谢疾病、糖尿病病史
	10. 除乒乓球或太极拳运动外还经常参与其它形式运动

入选标准	排除标准
1. 60~70岁	1. 患有阿尔茨海默症或者其它神经退行性疾病
2. 自愿参与整个研究	2. 简易精神状态测试得分 ≤ 26分
3. 能够填写书面知情同意书	3. 由于神经肌肉或肌肉骨骼的限制而无法运动人群
4. 经常参与乒乓球或太极拳锻炼或经常久坐人群	4. 具有精神分裂症、情感性障碍或抑郁症等心理疾病
	5. 具有睡眠障碍病史
	6. 近2年内有酗酒依赖史
	7. 近5年内有癌症病史或其它严重的系统性疾病
	8. 具有高血压、冠心病及其它器质性心脏病
	9. 具有内分泌代谢疾病、糖尿病病史
	10. 除乒乓球或太极拳运动外还经常参与其它形式运动

变量	乒乓球组 (18名)	太极拳组 (18名)	久坐组 (18名)
平均年龄(岁)	66.11 ± 3.36	65.61 ± 3.40	64.89 ± 3.03
性别(n_女)	7	10	9
教育年限(年)	11.83 ± 2.36	11.33 ± 3.34	12.39 ± 2.35
简易精神状态得分	27.83 ± 0.86	27.78 ± 1.06	27.61 ± 0.70

变量	乒乓球组 (18名)	太极拳组 (18名)	久坐组 (18名)
平均年龄(岁)	66.11 ± 3.36	65.61 ± 3.40	64.89 ± 3.03
性别(n_女)	7	10	9
教育年限(年)	11.83 ± 2.36	11.33 ± 3.34	12.39 ± 2.35
简易精神状态得分	27.83 ± 0.86	27.78 ± 1.06	27.61 ± 0.70

变量	乒乓球组 (18名)	太极拳组 (18名)	久坐组 (18名)
运动时间 (分钟/每次)	128.33 ± 9.01	116.67 ± 7.23	/
运动强度	中等及以上	中等及以上	/
运动频率 (次/每周)	5.78 ± 0.29	6.28 ± 0.24	/
久坐时间 (分钟/每天)	281.67 ± 30.40	271.67 ± 22.29	596.67 ± 29.29^**
RMT (%)	38.17 ± 1.28	39.67 ± 1.65	40.67 ± 1.38
1 mV刺激强度(%)	52.17 ± 1.55	54.44 ± 2.19	54.56 ± 1.47
感觉阈值 (mA)	2.18 ± 0.06	2.18 ± 0.09	2.29 ± 0.07