羞耻情绪对欺骗行为的影响：自我控制的作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2019.00992

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文通过4个实验考察羞耻情绪对欺骗行为的影响, 并进一步探讨这一影响存在的条件及其机制。实验1考察羞耻情绪对欺骗的影响, 结果发现羞耻组的欺骗行为和欺骗倾向显著低于控制组。实验2将羞耻分为道德失范和能力不足两种情景, 考察羞耻对欺骗产生影响的条件, 结果发现, 道德失范羞耻组的欺骗行为显著低于能力不足羞耻组和控制组。实验3a考察道德失范所引发的羞耻对自我控制资源的影响, 结果发现, 羞耻情绪诱发组的自我控制任务成绩显著高于未诱发组。实验3b考察自我控制资源在羞耻情绪影响欺骗行为中的作用, 结果发现, 自我控制资源在羞耻情绪影响欺骗的过程中起完全中介作用。这些研究结果表明, 当个体的羞耻情绪由道德失范而诱发时, 会遏制其欺骗行为的产生; 羞耻情绪对欺骗行为的影响机制可能是: 感受到羞耻的个体, 为恢复和保护受损的道德自我, 通过调集更多自我控制资源的方法影响欺骗行为的出现。

关键词: 羞耻情绪, 自我控制资源, 欺骗行为, 影响机制, 中介作用

Abstract:

Shame, as a typical moral emotion, has an influence on individual behavior that is both complex and controversial. Previous studies have found that shame produces both an unpleasant experience and a moral emotion that encourages individuals to produce positive behaviors. In recent years, Hooge’s research has proceeded from the perspective of motivation. He believes that, no matter how shame makes individuals perform, their motivation is to restore and protect the damaged self. Therefore, based on Hooge's theory, this research will examine this typical immoral behavior as an example to discuss the impact of shame upon it and its ways.

In this study, students from a university were randomly selected as participants, and the number of each experiment’s participants was arranged according to the experimental requirements. Questionnaires and behavioral experiments were used throughout the experiment, and the experimental procedures were completed in accordance with the regulations of each experiment. The requirements for each experiment were different and the procedures for conducting the experiment were different. The statistical methods of the study were also based on the requirements of each experiment.

Experiment 1 examines whether shame has an effect on deceptive behavior. Its results show that the number and tendency of deception in the shamed group were significantly lower than in the control group. To more fully explore the impact of shame on deceptive behavior in different contexts, Experiment 2 improved upon the deficiencies of Experiment 1 and divided shame situations into two types: moral anomie and lack of ability. It was found that the number of deceptions in the moral anomie shamed group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the number of deceptions in the lack of ability shamed group was significantly higher than that in the control group. To examine the specific methods and mechanisms of shame in affecting deception, we propose that shamed individuals increase their self-control resources and, thus, reduce the theory of fraud. Experiment 3a examined the impact of shame on self-control resources and found that the self-control resources of the shamed group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Experiment 3b explored the specific mechanisms of shame affecting deceptive behavior. It was found that self-control resources played a complete mediating role in the process of shame in affecting deception.

In summary, these findings suggest that shame can deter deception under certain conditions. The condition is that shame is caused by moral disorder rather than lack of ability; the mechanism of shame in affecting behavior may be: Individuals who feel shame will restore and protect the damaged moral self by mobilizing more self-control resources to influence behavior.

Key words: shame, self-control resources, deception, influence mechanism, mediating role

中图分类号:

B842

范伟, 任梦梦, 肖俊泽, 简增郸, 杜晓明, 傅小兰. (2019). 羞耻情绪对欺骗行为的影响：自我控制的作用. 心理学报, 51(9), 992-1006.

FAN Wei, REN Mengmeng, XIAO Junze, JIAN Zengdan, DU Xiaoming, FU Xiaolan. (2019). The influence of shame on deceptive behavior: The role of self-control. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(9), 992-1006.

图/表 14

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道德同一性	羞耻组	控制组	t
情感认同	4.05 ± 0.24	4.22 ± 0.37	-1.26
认知认同	4.11 ± 0.56	3.92 ± 0.26	1.23
态度认同	3.87 ± 0.21	3.92 ± 0.35	-0.58
行为认同	3.68 ± 0.54	3.60 ± 0.60	0.60
外部认同	3.92 ± 0.43	3.90 ± 0.40	0.21

道德同一性	羞耻组	控制组	t
情感认同	4.05 ± 0.24	4.22 ± 0.37	-1.26
认知认同	4.11 ± 0.56	3.92 ± 0.26	1.23
态度认同	3.87 ± 0.21	3.92 ± 0.35	-0.58
行为认同	3.68 ± 0.54	3.60 ± 0.60	0.60
外部认同	3.92 ± 0.43	3.90 ± 0.40	0.21

道德同一性	能力不足羞耻组	控制组	道德失范羞耻组	F
情感认同	4.15 ± 0.26	3.92 ± 0.67	4.13 ± 0.21	-1.26
认知认同	3.93 ± 0.62	3.92 ± 0.26	3.95 ± 0.33	1.23
态度认同	3.84 ± 0.26	4.02 ± 0.35	3.84 ± 0.24	-0.58
行为认同	3.68 ± 0.64	3.65 ± 0.31	3.66 ± 0.47	0.60
外部认同	3.88 ± 0.43	3.80 ± 0.45	3.87 ± 0.32	0.21

道德同一性	能力不足羞耻组	控制组	道德失范羞耻组	F
情感认同	4.15 ± 0.26	3.92 ± 0.67	4.13 ± 0.21	-1.26
认知认同	3.93 ± 0.62	3.92 ± 0.26	3.95 ± 0.33	1.23
态度认同	3.84 ± 0.26	4.02 ± 0.35	3.84 ± 0.24	-0.58
行为认同	3.68 ± 0.64	3.65 ± 0.31	3.66 ± 0.47	0.60
外部认同	3.88 ± 0.43	3.80 ± 0.45	3.87 ± 0.32	0.21

变异源	df	MS	F	p
情绪诱发	1	204967.16	29.29^***	0.000
资源衰竭	1	55275.94	7.9^**	0.006
情绪诱发×资源衰竭	1	2010.89	0.287	0.477