入学初期大学新生社交媒体使用与人际适应的动态关系: 有调节的密集追踪中介模型

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1873

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

入学初期的大学新生面临社会网络重构与人际适应的关键挑战。在此时期, 社交媒体究竟是促进新生关系融入抑或引发人际疏离仍存分歧, 其深层的作用机制及边界条件也尚待澄清。本研究在大学入学首月对306名新生进行了为期30天的密集追踪调查, 通过构建残差动态结构方程模型, 揭示了社交媒体使用与人际适应在微观时间序列下的关联机制, 以及自我概念清晰性的密集中介作用与嫉妒的跨层次调节效应。结果发现：(1)前日社交媒体使用显著负向预测当日新生的人际适应; (2)前日社交媒体使用会通过降低当日自我概念清晰性, 进而对次日新生的人际适应产生显著的间接负向影响; (3)嫉妒在上述关系中起跨层次调节作用, 即高嫉妒新生更易因前日社交媒体使用, 出现当日自我概念清晰性下降与次日人际适应恶化。上述证据深化了对大学适应期社交媒体负面影响机制的理解, 为引导新生在当下数字生态中平稳适应大学环境提供实践启迪。

关键词: 社交媒体使用, 人际适应, 自我概念清晰性, 嫉妒, 残差动态结构方程模型

Abstract:

College freshmen navigating early adulthood experience a critical phase of social role reconstruction, facing new challenges in interpersonal adaptation and environmental integration. While previous studies have examined the relationship between social media use and interpersonal adaptation among college students, these have predominantly employed cross-sectional or long-term longitudinal designs, making it difficult to capture the daily, real-time dynamics between these variables during freshmen’s first month at college. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying this relationship, as well as its boundary conditions within intensive time frames, remain underexplored. Therefore, using the first month of attending college as a temporal window and employing the residual dynamic structural equation model (RDSEM), this study examined the fine-grained temporal associations between social media use and interpersonal adaptation. It further investigated the intensive mediating effect of self-concept clarity and the cross-level moderating influence of envy. A 30-day intensive longitudinal survey was conducted among 306 freshmen during their first month of college (M_age = 18.18 years, SD = 0.63; 71.9% female). Every day at 8:30 p.m., participants received an online questionnaire that they had 30 min to complete. If no response was received within 20 min, the system automatically sent a reminder, and the questionnaire closed 10 min thereafter. On average, participants spent approximately 5 min completing the survey daily.

RDSEM analyses were conducted via Mplus 8.7 and used to examine the fine-grained cross-lagged effects among the variables and a moderated mediation model. The results provided three major insights. First, social media use at time t − 1 significantly and negatively predicted the interpersonal adaptation of freshmen at time t. Second, social media use at time t − 1 significantly and negatively predicted self-concept clarity at time t, which in turn positively predicted the interpersonal adaptation of freshmen at time t + 1. Third, freshmen with high levels of envy were particularly susceptible to the negative effects of social media use at time t − 1. This susceptibility manifested in low interpersonal adaptation at time t + 1 and a marked decline in self-concept clarity at time t.

These findings indicate that the adverse effects of social media on interpersonal adaptation can be mitigated by guiding freshmen to appropriately regulate their social media use during the initial stage of college and to cultivate an integrated and stable self-concept. In addition, freshmen with high levels of envy should be identified as a key group for targeted support, thereby helping reduce their tendency to perceive others’ positive self-presentations on social media as threats. Overall, by investigating the mechanisms underlying the negative effects of social media during the early college adjustment period, this study offers practical insights for promoting smoother adaptation among freshmen in the modern digital environment.

Key words: social media use, interpersonal adaptation, self-concept clarity, envy, residual dynamic structural equation model

中图分类号:

B844

熊思成, 罗艳红, 熊戈, 陈芸, 张斌. (2026). 入学初期大学新生社交媒体使用与人际适应的动态关系: 有调节的密集追踪中介模型. 心理学报, 58(9), 1873-1887.

XIONG Sicheng, LUO Yanhong, XIONG Ge, CHEN Yun, ZHANG Bin. (2026). The dynamic relationship between social media use and interpersonal adaptation among freshmen in their first month of college: A moderated intensive longitudinal mediation model. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(9), 1873-1887.

图/表 7

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变量	M	SD	ICC	1	2	3	4
1. 社交媒体使用	221.11	124.93	0.51	1	−0.31^***	−0.25^***	0.10^***
2. 人际适应	6.24	2.07	0.49	−0.30^***	1	0.36^***	−0.06
3. 自我概念清晰性	5.14	2.19	0.46	−0.23^***	0.32^***	1	−0.12^***
4. 嫉妒	4.70	2.62	−	−	−	−	1

变量	M	SD	ICC	1	2	3	4
1. 社交媒体使用	221.11	124.93	0.51	1	−0.31^***	−0.25^***	0.10^***
2. 人际适应	6.24	2.07	0.49	−0.30^***	1	0.36^***	−0.06
3. 自我概念清晰性	5.14	2.19	0.46	−0.23^***	0.32^***	1	−0.12^***
4. 嫉妒	4.70	2.62	−	−	−	−	1

参数	估计值	标准差	95% BCI
个体内自回归路径系数
社交媒体使用_t−1→社交媒体使用_t (β₁)	0.13^***	0.01	[0.11, 0.16]
人际适应_t−1→人际适应_t (β₂)	0.15^***	0.01	[0.12, 0.17]
个体内交叉滞后路径系数
社交媒体使用_t−1→人际适应_t (β₃)	−0.06^***	0.01	[−0.08, −0.04]
人际适应_t−1→社交媒体使用_t (β₄)	0.001	0.01	[−0.019, 0.023]
个体内残差方差
社交媒体使用 (π₁)	0.86^***	0.02	[0.85, 0.88]
人际适应 (π₂)	0.76^***	0.01	[0.75, 0.77]

参数	估计值	标准差	95% BCI
个体内自回归路径系数
社交媒体使用_t−1→社交媒体使用_t (β₁)	0.13^***	0.01	[0.11, 0.16]
人际适应_t−1→人际适应_t (β₂)	0.15^***	0.01	[0.12, 0.17]
个体内交叉滞后路径系数
社交媒体使用_t−1→人际适应_t (β₃)	−0.06^***	0.01	[−0.08, −0.04]
人际适应_t−1→社交媒体使用_t (β₄)	0.001	0.01	[−0.019, 0.023]
个体内残差方差
社交媒体使用 (π₁)	0.86^***	0.02	[0.85, 0.88]
人际适应 (π₂)	0.76^***	0.01	[0.75, 0.77]

参数	估计值	标准差	95% BCI
个体内自回归路径系数
社交媒体使用_t−1→社交媒体使用_t (β₁)	0.16^***	0.01	[0.13, 0.18]
自我概念清晰性_t−1→自我概念清晰性_t (β₂)	0.06^***	0.01	[0.04, 0.09]
人际适应_t→人际适应_t+1 (β₃)	0.15^***	0.01	[0.12, 0.17]
个体内中介作用路径系数
社交媒体使用_t−1→自我概念清晰性_t (β₄)	−0.04^***	0.01	[−0.06, −0.01]
自我概念清晰性_t→人际适应_t+1 (β₅)	0.03^**	0.01	[0.01, 0.04]
社交媒体使用_t−1→人际适应_t+1 (β₆)	−0.06^***	0.01	[−0.08, −0.04]
个体间调节作用路径系数
嫉妒→人际适应_t+1	−0.04	0.07	[−0.18, 0.08]
嫉妒→自我概念清晰性_t	−0.15^*	0.06	[−0.28, −0.03]
嫉妒×社交媒体使用_t−1→自我概念清晰性_t	−0.16^*	0.07	[−0.28, −0.02]
嫉妒×自我概念清晰性_t→人际适应_t+1	−0.10	0.08	[−0.25, 0.04]
嫉妒×社交媒体使用_t−1→人际适应_t+1	−0.15^*	0.06	[−0.27, −0.03]
个体内残差方差
社交媒体使用 (π₁)	0.83^***	0.02	[0.80, 0.85]
人际适应 (π₂)	0.70^***	0.01	[0.69, 0.72]
自我概念清晰性 (π₃)	0.74^***	0.01	[0.72, 0.75]