技术接受的贫富分化?主观社会阶层影响个体对人工智能的态度

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.0235

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新科技常常带来新的社会贫富分化, 如何防范人工智能带来新的贫富分化是巩固共同富裕成果的重要议题。已有研究指出阶层不同则社会认知不同, 但社会阶层如何影响他们对人工智能的态度尚不清楚。本文通过3个递进研究(5个子研究)检验主观社会阶层对人工智能态度的影响及其心理机制。结果发现, 主观社会阶层越高, 人们对人工智能的态度也越积极; 社会流动信念是社会阶层影响人工智能的中介因素, 社会阶层越高, 社会流动信念越高, 对人工智能的态度也越积极; 集体主义是社会流动信念影响个体对人工智能态度的调节因素, 集体主义越高, 社会流动信念和个体对人工智能的积极态度的正相关关系越强。这些结果表明, 不同阶层在社会认知上的差异导致他们对人工智能的态度也出现差异, 提高社会流动信念或加强集体主义文化可以提高较低收入阶层对人工智能的积极态度, 从而缓解因人工智能带来的贫富分化。

关键词: 社会阶层, 人工智能态度, 社会流动信念, 集体主义

Abstract:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) significantly influences society by enhancing human capabilities, improving efficiency, and addressing complex problems. While many people hold an optimistic view of AI’s development, there is also a noticeable sense of apprehension. This duality arises from AI’s potential to create challenges related to fairness, privacy, and security. The concerns about AI’s impact on these areas highlight the need for careful management of its risks.

Social class, a construct that signifies individuals’ hierarchical position within society, is shaped by both the tangible social resources they possess and their subjective perception of societal status. The social class to which individuals belong significantly influences their attitudes. However, the extent and manner in which social class shapes these attitudes remain complex and not fully understood.

This paper examines the complex relationship between social class and attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence (AI), exploring the psychological mechanisms underlying this connection. Through a series of three methodologically advanced studies, we investigate how social class correlates with perceptions of AI. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between social class and attitudes toward AI. We identify beliefs about social mobility—the perceived likelihood of changing one’s social status—as a significant mediating factor. Individuals from higher social classes tend to hold more optimistic beliefs about social mobility, which in turn fosters more favorable attitudes toward AI. Additionally, we explore collectivism as a moderating variable.

Our analysis indicates that high levels of collectivism amplify the relationship between social mobility beliefs and positive attitudes toward AI. This suggests that in more collectivist contexts, the belief in the possibility of social ascension is more strongly associated with favorable views on AI. This study not only highlights the disparities in AI attitudes across social classes but also uncovers new psychological dimensions of class differences. By incorporating social mobility beliefs and collectivism into our analysis, we provide fresh insights into the societal reception of AI technology.

Key words: social class, attitudes towards artificial intelligence, social mobility beliefs, collectivism

中图分类号:

B849: C91

李凯, 许丽颖, 刘采梦, 喻丰. (2026). 技术接受的贫富分化?主观社会阶层影响个体对人工智能的态度. 心理学报, 58(2), 235-246.

LI Kai, XU Liying, LIU Caimeng, YU Feng. (2026). How social class influences attitudes towards artificial intelligence: The mediating role of mobility beliefs. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(2), 235-246.

图/表 2

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预测变量	方程1 (阶层流动信念)				方程2 (对AI的积极态度)				方程3 (对AI的积极态度)
预测变量	B	SE	t	95% CI	B	SE	t	95% CI	B	SE	t	95% CI
主观社会阶层	0.06	0.03	2.24	[0.01, 0.11]	0.06	0.03	1.71	[−0.01, 0.12]	0.05	0.03	1.73	[−0.01. 0.11]
阶层流动信念					0.30	0.07	4.17	[0.16, 0.44]	−0.73	0.19	−3.81	[−1.10, −0.35]
集体主义									−0.55	0.17	−3.28	[−0.88, −0.22]
交互项									0.20	0.04	4.83	[0.12, 0.28]
R²	0.02				0.07				0.21
F	5.02				11.23				21.72

预测变量	方程1 (阶层流动信念)				方程2 (对AI的积极态度)				方程3 (对AI的积极态度)
预测变量	B	SE	t	95% CI	B	SE	t	95% CI	B	SE	t	95% CI
主观社会阶层	0.06	0.03	2.24	[0.01, 0.11]	0.06	0.03	1.71	[−0.01, 0.12]	0.05	0.03	1.73	[−0.01. 0.11]
阶层流动信念					0.30	0.07	4.17	[0.16, 0.44]	−0.73	0.19	−3.81	[−1.10, −0.35]
集体主义									−0.55	0.17	−3.28	[−0.88, −0.22]
交互项									0.20	0.04	4.83	[0.12, 0.28]
R²	0.02				0.07				0.21
F	5.02				11.23				21.72