汉语复合词语素意义与整词语义整合加工的时间进程

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2023.01207

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究表明语素意义会自动激活并影响整词语义加工。但是, 汉语复合词识别中语素意义何时被激活以及如何参与并影响复合词语义整合的时间进程还缺乏清晰的认识。研究采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术, 构建了三类双字词材料: 语素意义与词义相关的透明复合词(如炽热)、语素意义与词义不相关的不透明复合词(如风流)、以及作为控制条件的单语素词汇(如伶俐), 对比考察双字词的首词素和尾词素语义参与复合词语义加工的时间进程。结果发现, 首字加工的早期(300~400 ms)和晚期(460~700 ms)都表现出语素效应, 即两类复合词要比单语素词诱发更负的波幅。在尾字加工的早期阶段(260~420 ms)不仅发现了语素效应, 还发现了语义透明度效应, 即不透明复合词比透明复合词诱发了更负的波幅。而在尾字加工的晚期(480~700 ms), 出现了反转的语素效应, 即两类复合词比单语素词诱发更正的波幅。结果表明了语素作为独立表征单元, 在早期加工阶段就得到了自动激活; 语义透明度在复合词早期加工过程发挥了重要作用, 透明复合词语素整合加工能够顺利获取整词语义, 而不透明复合词语素整合加工则会阻碍整词语义获取。

关键词: 语义整合, 复合词, 语义透明度, ERP

Abstract:

Previous studies have shown that morpho-semantic information can be activated automatically and influence the access of word meaning in compound word recognition. However, the time course underlying the morpho-semantic activation and its subsequent integration is not clear yet. In particular, little is known about how morpho-semantic information involves in word semantic integration processing.

The present study examined the time course of morpho-semantic information of the first and the second characters who participated in whole-word semantic integration processing using event-related potential (ERP) technology. We selected three types of two-character words: transparent, opaque compound words, and monomorphemic words. For the transparent words (e.g., 炽热), both two characters’ meanings (both 炽 and 热 mean hot) were identical or similar to the word meaning (炽热 means hot). As for the opaque words (e.g., 风流), the meaning of the first character (风means wind), the second character (流 means flow), and the compound word (风流 means amorousness) were completely different. The monomorphemic words (e.g., 伶俐) were materials as the control condition with two characters that cannot be split into two morphemes. Participants were instructed to complete a visual lexical decision task.

ERP results showed that the first character processing revealed the morphological effect in the early (300~400 ms) and the late (460~700 ms) time window, in which two types of compound words induced more negative amplitude than the monomorphemic words. During the second character processing, a significant semantic transparency effect was observed in the early stage (260~420 ms), that the opaque words evoked more negative-going waveform than the transparent ones. Whereas at the late phase (480~700 ms), a reversed morphological effect emerged that the two types of compound words evoked more positive amplitude than the monomorphemic words.

The present study shed light on the time course of morpho-semantic integration in Chinese compound word recognition. The results indicated that the morpho-semantic processing began at the early stage of processing the first character. The transparent morpho-semantic of the first character influences the second character’s morpho-semantic activation and subsequently facilitates the semantic access of the compound words.

Key words: semantic integration, compound word, semantic transparency, ERP

中图分类号:

B842

蔡文琦, 张向阳, 王小娟, 杨剑峰. (2023). 汉语复合词语素意义与整词语义整合加工的时间进程. 心理学报, 55(8), 1207-1219.

CAI Wenqi, ZHANG Xiangyang, WANG Xiaojuan, YANG Jianfeng. (2023). Time course of the integration of the morpho-semantics and the meaning of two-character Chinese compound words. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 55(8), 1207-1219.

图/表 9

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特征属性	词汇类型
特征属性	透明复合词	不透明复合词	单语素词
首字透明度	5.59 (0.59)	2.58 (0.64)	/
尾字透明度	5.66 (0.72)	2.76 (0.75)	/
整词透明度	11.25 (1.21)	5.34 (0.98)	/
首字部件数	2.97 (1.00)	2.87 (1.01)	3.23 (0.82)
尾字部件数	3.03 (0.72)	3.00 (0.98)	3.13 (0.78)
整词部件数	6.00 (1.08)	5.87 (1.31)	6.37 (0.96)
首字笔画数	9.57 (2.99)	9.07 (3.05)	9.70 (2.26)
尾字笔画数	9.80 (2.44)	9.70 (2.84)	10.07 (2.21)
整词笔画数	19.37 (3.58)	18.77 (4.17)	19.77 (2.82)
整词频率	3.17 (3.35)	4.66 (9.43)	1.90 (2.01)

特征属性	词汇类型
特征属性	透明复合词	不透明复合词	单语素词
首字透明度	5.59 (0.59)	2.58 (0.64)	/
尾字透明度	5.66 (0.72)	2.76 (0.75)	/
整词透明度	11.25 (1.21)	5.34 (0.98)	/
首字部件数	2.97 (1.00)	2.87 (1.01)	3.23 (0.82)
尾字部件数	3.03 (0.72)	3.00 (0.98)	3.13 (0.78)
整词部件数	6.00 (1.08)	5.87 (1.31)	6.37 (0.96)
首字笔画数	9.57 (2.99)	9.07 (3.05)	9.70 (2.26)
尾字笔画数	9.80 (2.44)	9.70 (2.84)	10.07 (2.21)
整词笔画数	19.37 (3.58)	18.77 (4.17)	19.77 (2.82)
整词频率	3.17 (3.35)	4.66 (9.43)	1.90 (2.01)

变异来源	300~400 ms			460~700 ms
变异来源	F	p	η²	F	p	η²
词汇类型(2, 62)	5.12	0.009	0.142	8.91	0.000	0.223
分区(2, 62)	0.01	0.951	0.000	5.58	0.016	0.153
半球(2, 62)	4.51	0.015	0.127	5.51	0.006	0.151
分区×半球(4, 124)	5.38	0.002	0.148	11.45	0.000	0.270
词汇类型×分区(4, 124)	1.80	0.154	0.055	3.13	0.036	0.092
词汇类型×半球(4, 124)	2.00	0.123	0.061	1.83	0.150	0.056
词汇类型×分区×半球(8, 248)	1.62	0.120	0.050	1.42	0.223	0.044

变异来源	300~400 ms			460~700 ms
变异来源	F	p	η²	F	p	η²
词汇类型(2, 62)	5.12	0.009	0.142	8.91	0.000	0.223
分区(2, 62)	0.01	0.951	0.000	5.58	0.016	0.153
半球(2, 62)	4.51	0.015	0.127	5.51	0.006	0.151
分区×半球(4, 124)	5.38	0.002	0.148	11.45	0.000	0.270
词汇类型×分区(4, 124)	1.80	0.154	0.055	3.13	0.036	0.092
词汇类型×半球(4, 124)	2.00	0.123	0.061	1.83	0.150	0.056
词汇类型×分区×半球(8, 248)	1.62	0.120	0.050	1.42	0.223	0.044

变异来源	260~420 ms			480~700 ms
变异来源	F	p	η²	F	p	η²
词汇类型(2, 62)	17.00	0.000	0.354	14.04	0.000	0.312
分区(2, 62)	33.25	0.000	0.517	40.00	0.000	0.563
半球(2, 62)	16.09	0.000	0.342	11.27	0.000	0.267
分区×半球(4, 124)	3.18	0.030	0.093	2.13	0.111	0.064
词汇类型×分区(4, 124)	8.37	0.000	0.213	7.40	0.000	0.193
词汇类型×半球(4, 124)	2.03	0.095	0.061	5.49	0.000	0.150
词汇类型×分区×半球(8, 248)	0.95	0.449	0.030	0.51	0.746	0.016