ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 498-510.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

胖负面身体自我女性对身体信息注意偏向成分的时间进程：一项眼动追踪研究

高笑;王泉川;陈红;王宝英;赵光   

  1. (1 西南大学认知与人格教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715) (2 西南大学心理学院, 重庆 400715)
    (3中国民航飞行学院航空心理教研室, 四川广汉 618307)
  • 收稿日期:2011-06-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2012-04-28 发布日期:2012-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 陈红

Time Course of Attentional Bias Components Toward Body-shape Related Pictures Among Women with Fat Negative Physical Self: An Eye Movement Study

GAO Xiao;WANG Quan-Chuan;CHEN Hong;WANG Bao-Ying;ZHAO Guang   

  1. (1 Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)
    (2 School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)
    (3 Teaching & Research Section of Aviation Psychology, Civil Aviation Flight College of China, Guanghan 618307, Sichuan, China)
  • Received:2011-06-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2012-04-28 Online:2012-04-28
  • Contact: CHEN Hong

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摘要： 虽然目前大量研究基于Vitousek和Hollon (1990)提出的饮食失调认知模型对胖负面身体自我图式者或饮食失调者的注意偏向进行探讨, 但对其注意偏向的成分仍未得出一致结论, 且尚无研究查考其时间进程特点。研究采用更具生态效度的身体图片为实验刺激, 刺激呈现时间2000ms, 采用传统经典的点探测范式与眼动追踪技术结合, 探讨胖负面身体自我女性对身体信息注意偏向成分的时间进程。基于前人的工作(Castellanos et al., 2009; Garner, Mogg, & Bradley, 2006), 研究考察了四个眼动数据：首视点定向偏向分数、首视点潜伏期偏向分数、首视点注视时间偏向以及总注视时间偏向分数, 系统探讨了注意定向、探测时间、最初注意维持/回避以及总体注意维持/回避。眼动数据发现, 胖负面身体自我图式者对不同身体图片存在不同的注意偏向模式, 对胖图片为注意警觉—维持模式, 具体表现为早期加速探测、注意定向, 以及最初的注意维持和总体注意维持; 对瘦图片仅为注意警觉, 具体表现为早期加速探测; 行为数据支持实验组对胖图片的注意维持以及对身体图片的注意脱离困难。该结果部分支持Vitousek和Hollon (1990)的模型, 即负面身体自我图式能够易化对图式一致信息的加工, 而未发现对图式不一致信息的回避或抑制。

关键词: 负面身体自我, 注意警觉, 注意维持, 眼动

Abstract: Despite evidence indicating fatness and thinness information are processed differently among weight preoccupied and eating disordered individuals, the exact nature of these attentional biases is not clear.
In this research, eye movement (EM) tracking assessed biases in specific component processes of visual attention (i.e., orientation, detection, and maintenance of gaze) in relation to body related pictures among 20 women with fat negative physical self (FNPS) and 20 body satisfied young women. Eye movements were recorded while participants completed a dot-probe task that featured fatness-neutral and thinness-neutral picture pairs with the stimuli being presented for 2000 ms.
Women with FNPS showed different attentional bias pattern toward fat- and thin-related pictures, with vigilance-maintenance pattern toward fat body pictures and vigilance pattern toward thin body pictures. Specifically, compared to controls, women with FNPS were more likely to direct their initial gaze toward fatness pictures, had a shorter mean latency of first fixation on both fatness and thinness pictures, had longer first fixation and total gaze duration on fatness pictures. Reaction time data showed a maintenance bias towards fatness pictures and difficulty in disengagement from both fatness and thinness pictures among the women with FNPS.
In sum, results indicated women with FNPS show initial orienting, speeded detection and initial and total maintenance biases towards fat body pictures in addition to a speeded detection in relation to thin body pictures, which partly supported Vitousek and Hollon’s (1990) cognitive model.

Key words: negative physical self, attentional vigilance, attentional maintenance, eye movements