秒内不同时距下自我加工优势效应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1529

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

客观时距会影响自我相关刺激下的时距知觉, 但秒内不同时间间隔下自我加工优势是否存在分段性差异仍存在争议。本研究通过两个实验考察秒内不同时距下的自我加工优势效应。实验1采用自我时距比较任务, 探讨自我相关刺激对秒内时距知觉判断的影响。结果发现,在长时距条件下, 与陌生人相比自我的主观相等点更长, 表明秒内长时距下个体对自我相关刺激的时长存在低估现象。实验2采用知觉匹配范式, 探讨自我对秒内时距知觉过程的影响。结果发现,不同秒内时距下, 自我相关信息的累积速率漂移率(v)和非决策时间(t)均优于陌生人条件,且在长时距下自我的决策阈限(a)和决策偏好(z)显著高于陌生人条件。综上, 自我相关刺激在秒内时距知觉上存在加工优势, 且该优势存在分段性差异。

Abstract:

Duration perception—the cognitive processing of temporal continuity—plays a crucial role in information processing and is essential for human survival and development. Prior research has demonstrated that time perception is inherently subjective, with self-related stimuli exerting particularly strong effects among the various factors influencing perceived duration. The present study investigates how self-related stimuli affect the perception of time within the sub-second range, specifically examining whether the self-processing advantage varies across different objective durations under one second. A growing body of literature has debated whether this advantage is uniform or segmented across temporal intervals within this brief window.

To address this question, two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 employed a self-duration comparison task to assess how self-related stimuli influence duration judgments. The results showed that at longer sub-second durations, the point of subjective equality was significantly extended in the self-name condition compared to the stranger-name condition. However, there was no significant difference in Weber’s ratio between the two conditions. Experiment 2 used a self-duration matching paradigm to further examine the effects of self-referential stimuli across varying sub-second intervals. The results revealed that both the drift rate (v) and non-decision time (t) were significantly increased in the self-referential condition. Furthermore, the decision threshold (a) and starting point bias (z) were significantly higher in the self-referential condition, but only at longer sub-second durations.

Together, these findings demonstrate that self-related stimuli confer a stable advantage in duration perception, with distinct temporal dynamics depending on interval length. By applying the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM), the study offers new insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying the self-prioritization effect and underscores the importance of considering specific temporal intervals in research on self-related information processing.

Key words: self-related stimuli, sub-second duration, duration perception, drift-diffusion model, self-processing advantage

中图分类号:

B841.2

李毕琴, 张美霞, 杨少云, 黄鹏飞, 王爱君, 党君华. (2025). 秒内不同时距下自我加工优势效应. 心理学报, 57(9), 1529-1539.

LI Biqin, ZHANG Meixia, YANG Shaoyun, HUANG Pengfei, WANG Aijun, DANG Junhua. (2025). Self-prioritization effect across varying intervals in sub-second duration perception. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(9), 1529-1539.

图/表 6

图1 实验1流程图。首先屏幕中央呈现白色注视点(500 ms)。接着呈现标准刺激(自我/陌生人姓名), 呈现时间为300 ms或900 ms。刺激消失后呈现空屏, 呈现时间在1000~1500 ms之间随机, 紧接着呈现中性词作为比较刺激, 要求被试判断两个刺激哪个时距更长, 通过按键(q/p)进行反应。

图2 不同时距下不同社会参照估计时间的累积高斯函数曲线。横坐标为刺激呈现时间, 纵坐标为被试判断刺激呈现时距较长的比例。图中黑色曲线表示自我姓名条件, 灰色曲线表示陌生人姓名条件。

图3 不同时距下不同社会参照时间估计的主观相等点和韦伯比率。左图为不同时距下自我和陌生人姓名的时距知觉的主观相等点(PSE), 代表个体对于时距感知的准确程度。右图为不同时距下自我和陌生人姓名的韦伯比率(WR), 代表个体对于时距的感知的敏感性。*** p < 0.001

图4 实验2正式实验流程图。屏幕中央呈现注视点500 m, 随后呈现时间刺激白色球体(300 ms / 900 ms), 接着呈现社会属性标签(自我/陌生人)时间为2000 ms被试需要快速判断时间刺激的时长与社会属性标签是否匹配, 接着在1000~1500 ms随机空屏后进入下一轮次。

图5 不同时距长度下社会属性判断的反应时和正确率。注：左侧纵标轴为正确试次下的任务反应时(ms), 右侧纵标轴为任务正确率(%)。

图6 漂移扩散模型参数在匹配试次下不同实验条件间的后验分布图。图A和B (左上)为漂移率(v)代表信息累积速率, 反映个体在某一选项上的偏好, 偏好越强烈, 信息累积速度越快; 图C和D (右下)是决策阈限(a)代表做出决策所需要的信息累积量, 数值越大, 个体决策越谨慎; 图E和F (左下)为非决策时间(t)表示个体对刺激编码和反应行为所需要花费的时长。t值越大, 意味着在非决策过程上花费的时长越长; 图G和H (右下)为决策偏差(z), 即个体在决策前的先验偏好在决策上的影响。z值越大, 意味着个体对该选项有更强烈的预先偏好。每个参数中, 左图为客观短时距条件, 右图为客观长时距条件。

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