ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12): 1324-1333.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2013.01324

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

拓扑性质对视觉新异刺激时距知觉的影响

李宝林;陈有国;袁祥勇;Todd Jackson;黄希庭   

  1. (认知与人格教育部重点实验室(西南大学); 西南大学心理学部, 重庆 400715)
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-26 发布日期:2013-12-25 出版日期:2013-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 黄希庭
  • 基金资助:

    西南大学心理学部2012研究团队建设项目“时间分段综合模型的机制与应用” (TR201201-1)。

The Effect of Topological Properties on Duration Perception of Oddball Stimuli

LI Baolin;CHEN Youguo;YUAN Xiangyong;Todd JACKSON;HUANG Xiting   

  1. (Key laboratory of cognition and personality (SWU), Ministry of Education; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)
  • Received:2012-12-26 Online:2013-12-25 Published:2013-12-25
  • Contact: HUANG Xiting

摘要:

当不被预期的新异刺激出现在重复的标准刺激序列中时, 相比标准刺激它的呈现时间往往会被高估, 这种现象被称为时距知觉中的新异刺激效应。结合这一现象, 本研究考察了对视觉新异刺激时距知觉的高估是否会受到拓扑性质的影响。实验采用新异刺激范式, 要求被试比较不同条件下新异刺激与标准刺激的呈现时间, 结果发现(1)当标准刺激与新异刺激表现出拓扑性质的差异时, 被试更倾向于高估新异刺激的呈现时间; (2)相对于其他几何性质的变化, 拓扑性质的变化能够导致更大程度的新异刺激效应。这些结果表明拓扑性质作为一种重要的非时间信息, 对视觉新异刺激时距知觉具有重要影响; 同时也进一步支持了知觉物体的拓扑学定义。

关键词: 拓扑性质, 新异刺激, 时距知觉, 知觉物体

Abstract:

Previous studies have revealed that the visual system is highly sensitive to topological differences. Topological properties, which are first represented and processed, influence ongoing visual information processing. In addition, as a fundamental human ability, perception of duration can be affected by non-temporal information, including the magnitude, motion, and spatial frequency. Topological properties are another type of important non-temporal information, but little is known whether these can also affect duration perception. Recently, researchers have found that when an unexpected “oddball” stimulus is embedded in a train of repeated standard stimuli, its duration typically seems to be longer. This phenomenon is termed the oddball effect, and illustrates how duration perception can be affected by stimulus novelty. According to the topological approach to perceptual organization, the core intuitive notion of an object may be characterized precisely as topological invariance, and changes in topological properties will be regarded as the emergence of new objects by the vision system. Therefore, the impact of topological properties on duration perception of oddball stimuli was investigated in this research. In Experiment 1a 18 participants (7 men, 11 women) were asked to judge whether oddball stimuli (i.e., disks with one or two holes) were longer or shorter in duration than the standard stimuli (i.e., squares with one or two holes). In Experiment 1b, 14 participants (7 men, 7women) rated whether oddballs (i.e., disks with two holes, squares with one hole or squares with three holes)were longer or shorter in duration than standard stimuli (i.e., squares with two holes). Experiment 2 included 40 participants (15men, 25 women) and was designed to compare effects on duration perception of oddball stimuli between topological properties and other geometric properties. Participants were required to judge whether the oddballs (i.e., parallelograms, trapezoids, circles or rings) were longer or shorter in duration than standard stimuli (i.e., either squares or beeps of 1000 Hz). Results of Experiment 1 indicated that when there were topological differences between standard stimuli and the oddballs, the magnitude of the oddball effect was significantly larger than that of non-topological differences. Findings from Experiment 2 showed the magnitude of the oddball effect increased monotonically with increasing levels of stability of structural differences between standard stimuli and the oddballs. Compared with other geometrical properties, changes of topological properties induced the largest magnitude of oddball effect. These results suggest that topological properties are one type of important non-temporal information that affect duration perception of oddball stimuli. Furthermore, the current study supports the topological definition of perceptual objects.

Key words: topological properties, oddball stimuli, duration perception, perceptual object