父母元情绪理念与青少年问题行为:迷走神经的调节作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00971

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨父母元情绪理念与青少年问题行为的关系以及青少年自身迷走神经功能对两者关系的影响。采用“心算任务范式”及问卷法, 对224名青少年及其父母进行测量与调查。结果发现:(1) 母亲情绪教导理念负向预测青少年内外化问题行为, 母亲情绪失控理念正向预测青少年内外化问题行为, 母亲情绪不干涉理念正向预测青少年外化问题行为; 父亲情绪教导理念负向预测青少年内化问题行为, 父亲情绪失控理念正向预测青少年外化问题行为。(2) 当青少年迷走张力较低时, 母亲情绪不干涉理念正向预测青少年外化问题行为; 当青少年迷走抑制较低时, 母亲情绪失控理念正向预测青少年内化、外化问题行为, 父亲情绪失控理念正向预测青少年外化问题行为。综上, 父母元情绪理念能够预测青少年问题行为, 且父母元情绪理念对青少年问题行为影响存在差异。同时, 迷走神经功能对父母元情绪理念与青少年问题行为的关系具有一定调节作用。

关键词: 父母元情绪理念, 迷走神经功能, 青少年问题行为

Abstract:

Emotional and behavior problems including anxiety, depression, withdrawal, and attack are commonly occurred among adolescents. The perceptiveness and attitude of parents to their children's emotional reaction, which is defined as the parental meta-emotion philosophy (PMEP), can affect the regulation of children's emotional and behavior problems. These influences are also distinct as the individual physiological factors. However, several questions are still understudied. Previous studies ignored the effect of father's meta-emotional philosophy on individual behavior problems. Domestic studies paid close attention to the preschool or school-age children other than to adolescent group. No conclusion was drawn on the relationship between parental emotional coaching and the externalizing problems of adolescents. Whether the relationship was affected by other regulatory factors need further analysis. The role of PMEP, on the other hand, may also vary in different cultures. In the current study, we attempt to explore the relationship between the PMEP and adolescents' behavior problem and investigate the influence of adolescents' vagus nerve function on this relationship.

224 adolescents aged from 12 to14 recruited from a middle school of Yinchuan and their parents were selected in the current study. The MP150 (16 channels) physiological multichannel apparatus was firstly used to record adolescents' breathing and heart rate during the resting period and the mental arithmetic period. The baseline vagal tone and vagal suppression in task period were then calculated. Participants and their parents were asked to fill in questionnaires to measure the behavior problems of adolescents and the PMEP after the physiological measurement. The physiological data were analyzed offline using Acqknowledge software (version-4.3), and the physiological data and questionnaire data were imported into SPSS 20.0 for statistical analysis.

Results and conclusions were as follows: (1) PMEP can predict adolescents' behavior problems: the more emotion coaching mothers have, the less internalizing and externalizing problems adolescents have; the more emotion dysfunction mothers have, the more internalizing and externalizing problems adolescents have; the more emotion noninvolvement mothers have, the more externalizing problems adolescent have; the more emotion coaching fathers have, the less internalizing problems adolescents have; the more emotion dysfunction fathers have, the more externalizing problems adolescents have. (2) PMEP in adolescents' problem behaviors is regulated by the vagus nerve: when adolescent's vagal tone was low, the more emotion noninvolvement the mothers have, the more externalizing problems adolescents have; when adolescent's vagal suppression was low, the more emotion dysfunction mothers have, the more internalizing and externalizing problems of adolescents.; When adolescents' vagal suppression was low, the more emotion dysfunction fathers have, the more externalizing problems adolescents have.

In summary, the rise of individual behavior problem is not only due to the effect of single factor, but also due to the result of the interaction between the outside and individual factors. It is suggested that we should investigate the occurrence and development of the individual behavior problems from the multiple perspectives of physical, psychological and social factors.

Key words: parental meta emotion philosophy, vagal function, problem behavior

中图分类号:

B844

何晓丽, 袁小龙, 胡铭, 周丽晨. (2020). 父母元情绪理念与青少年问题行为:迷走神经的调节作用. 心理学报, 52(8), 971-981.

HE Xiaoli, YUAN Xiaolong, HU Ming, ZHOU Lichen. (2020). The association between parental meta philosophy and adolescent's behavior problem: The moderating role of vagus. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(8), 971-981.

图/表 9

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父母元情绪理念	M ± SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1母亲情绪教导	65.46 ± 12.80	1
2母亲情绪不干涉	37.00 ± 8.95	-0.17^*	1
3母亲情绪摒除	24.49 ± 5.31	-0.31^***	0.24^***	1
4母亲情绪失控	26.99 ± 8.69	-0.33^***	0.25^***	0.47^***	1
5父亲情绪教导	62.36 ± 10.96	0.32^***	-0.12	-0.11	-0.11	1
6父亲情绪不干涉	36.53 ± 8.86	-0.25^***	0.33^***	0.37^***	0.29^***	-0.30^***	1
7父亲情绪摒除	24.78 ± 5.51	-0.20^**	0.20^**	0.58^***	0.29^***	-0.22^**	0.46^***	1
8父亲情绪失控	24.84 ± 7.51	-0.14^*	0.23^***	0.21^**	0.46^***	-0.22^***	0.38^***	0.28^***	1
9内化问题行为	12.25 ± 6.34	-0.23^***	0.07	0.08	0.25^***	-0.16^*	0.04	0.06	0.07	1
10外化问题行为	8.23 ± 4.53	-0.19^**	0.21^**	0.04	0.22^**	-0.09	0.07	0.10	0.21^**	0.51^***	1
11基线RSA	8.04 ± 1.03	-0.13	-0.01	0.004	0.03	0.09	-0.05	-0.11	-0.11	-0.04	-0.15^*	1
12 RSA抑制	0.35 ± 0.61	-0.03	0.001	0.05	0.09	-0.01	0.07	-0.02	0.09	-0.05	-0.15^*	0.13^*

父母元情绪理念	M ± SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1母亲情绪教导	65.46 ± 12.80	1
2母亲情绪不干涉	37.00 ± 8.95	-0.17^*	1
3母亲情绪摒除	24.49 ± 5.31	-0.31^***	0.24^***	1
4母亲情绪失控	26.99 ± 8.69	-0.33^***	0.25^***	0.47^***	1
5父亲情绪教导	62.36 ± 10.96	0.32^***	-0.12	-0.11	-0.11	1
6父亲情绪不干涉	36.53 ± 8.86	-0.25^***	0.33^***	0.37^***	0.29^***	-0.30^***	1
7父亲情绪摒除	24.78 ± 5.51	-0.20^**	0.20^**	0.58^***	0.29^***	-0.22^**	0.46^***	1
8父亲情绪失控	24.84 ± 7.51	-0.14^*	0.23^***	0.21^**	0.46^***	-0.22^***	0.38^***	0.28^***	1
9内化问题行为	12.25 ± 6.34	-0.23^***	0.07	0.08	0.25^***	-0.16^*	0.04	0.06	0.07	1
10外化问题行为	8.23 ± 4.53	-0.19^**	0.21^**	0.04	0.22^**	-0.09	0.07	0.10	0.21^**	0.51^***	1
11基线RSA	8.04 ± 1.03	-0.13	-0.01	0.004	0.03	0.09	-0.05	-0.11	-0.11	-0.04	-0.15^*	1
12 RSA抑制	0.35 ± 0.61	-0.03	0.001	0.05	0.09	-0.01	0.07	-0.02	0.09	-0.05	-0.15^*	0.13^*

因变量	步骤	自变量	R2	ΔR2	F	β	t
内化问题行为	第一步	性别				-0.15	-2.31^*
		年龄	0.02	0.02	2.76	-0.02	-0.31
	第二步	情绪教导				-0.16	-2.37^*
		情绪失控				0.20	2.89^**
		基线RSA	0.11	0.09	5.38^***	-0.05	-0.77
	第三步	情绪教导×基线RSA				0.02	0.23
		情绪失控×基线RSA	0.11	0.001	3.84^***	-0.02	-0.26
外化问题行为	第一步	性别				0.13	2.01^*
		年龄	0.02	0.02	2.04	0.004	0.06
	第二步	情绪教导				-0.16	-2.34^*
		情绪不干涉				0.13	1.98^*
		情绪失控				0.14	2.02^*
		基线RSA	0.14	0.12	5.65^***	-0.18	-2.87^**
	第三步	情绪教导×基线RSA				0.06	0.85
		情绪不干涉×基线RSA				-0.15	-2.26^*
		情绪失控×基线RSA	0.16	0.02	4.49^***	0.06	0.80

因变量	步骤	自变量	R2	ΔR2	F	β	t
内化问题行为	第一步	性别				-0.15	-2.31^*
		年龄	0.02	0.02	2.76	-0.02	-0.31
	第二步	情绪教导				-0.16	-2.37^*
		情绪失控				0.20	2.89^**
		基线RSA	0.11	0.09	5.38^***	-0.05	-0.77
	第三步	情绪教导×基线RSA				0.02	0.23
		情绪失控×基线RSA	0.11	0.001	3.84^***	-0.02	-0.26
外化问题行为	第一步	性别				0.13	2.01^*
		年龄	0.02	0.02	2.04	0.004	0.06
	第二步	情绪教导				-0.16	-2.34^*
		情绪不干涉				0.13	1.98^*
		情绪失控				0.14	2.02^*
		基线RSA	0.14	0.12	5.65^***	-0.18	-2.87^**
	第三步	情绪教导×基线RSA				0.06	0.85
		情绪不干涉×基线RSA				-0.15	-2.26^*
		情绪失控×基线RSA	0.16	0.02	4.49^***	0.06	0.80

因变量	步骤	自变量	R2	ΔR2	F	β	t
内化问题行为	第一步	性别				-0.15	-2.31^*
		年龄	0.02	0.02	2.76	-0.02	-0.31
	第二步	情绪教导				-0.14	-2.09^*
		基线RSA	0.04	0.02	2.51^*	-0.01	-0.14
	第三步	情绪教导×基线RSA	0.05	0.01	2.30^*	0.08	1.20
外化问题行为	第一步	性别				0.13	2.01^*
		年龄	0.02	0.02	2.04	0.004	0.06
	第二步	情绪失控				0.18	2.80^**
		基线RSA	0.08	0.06	4.53^**	-0.14	-2.11^*
	第三步	情绪失控×基线RSA	0.08	0.01	3.97^**	0.08	1.29