ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2004, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (05): 550-557.

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推理方向与规则维度对儿童因果推理的影响

李红,郑持军,高雪梅   

  1. 西南师范大学心理学院,重庆 400715
  • 收稿日期:2003-12-16 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2004-09-30 发布日期:2004-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 李红

EFFECT OF RULE DIMENSIONS AND REASONING DIRECTION ON CHILDREN’S CAUSAL REASONING

Li Hong, Zheng Chijun, Gao Xuemei   

  1. School of Psychology, Southwest China Normal University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Received:2003-12-16 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2004-09-30 Online:2004-09-30
  • Contact: Li Hong

摘要: 采用Frye和Zelazo等(1996)所设计的“二进二出”装置(斜面滚球装置),设置了不同的推理方向、规则维度的因果推理任务,采用个别实验法,研究了60名3.5~4.5岁儿童因果推理能力的发展。结果发现:(1)儿童在不同方向的因果推理任务上成绩差异显著,因→果推理成绩要好于果→因推理;(2)不同维度下儿童的推理成绩有极显著的差异性,一维的因果推理更容易,三维合取规则的因果推理任务更难;(3)3.5~4岁左右是儿童因果推理能力发展的快速期。

关键词: 因果认知, 因果推理, 规则维度, 推理方向, 认知发展

Abstract: This experiment studied the development of causal reasoning in 66 3.5- to 4.5-year-olds using a ramp apparatus with two input holes and two output holes (Frye et al., 1995). Results revealed that (1) children performed better on cause-effect inferences than on effect-cause inferences; (2) there was an effect of rule complexity such that uni-dimensional causal inferences were easier than bi-dimensional inferences which, in turn, were easier than tri-dimensional causal inferences; and (3) children’s causal reasoning develops rapidly between the ages of age of 3.5 to 4 years.

Key words: causal reasoning, rule dimensions, reasoning directions, cognitive development

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