ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2003, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (05): 628-635.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

类别特征的相似性与竞争性对归类的影响

莫雷,常建芳   

  1. 华南师范大学心理系,广州 510631
  • 收稿日期:2003-02-18 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2003-09-30 发布日期:2003-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 莫雷

THE INFLUENCE OF CATEGORY FEATURE’S SIMILARITY AND RIVALROUSNESS ON CATEGORY

Mo-Lei,--Chang-Jianfang   

  1. Department of Psychology, South China Normal Unversity, Guangzhou, 510631, China)
  • Received:2003-02-18 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2003-09-30 Online:2003-09-30
  • Contact: Mo Lei

摘要: 探讨新项目特征的性质对归类的影响。共包括两个实验,被试是华南师范大学180名二年级本科生。研究材料分两部分,学习材料是两类昆虫的若干类别成员,每类昆虫有6种特征;测试材料则是与学习材料的类别成员有不同相似性或竞争性的新项目,要求被试经过学习之后对新项目进行归类,然后对被试归类的一致性或确信度进行分析。实验1主要探讨新项目与类别成员相似性对归类的影响;实验2主要探讨新项目特征的竞争性对归类的影响。结果表明,匹配特征数量及其概率是相似性的两个构成因素,它们与新项目的归类概率成正比,而对立特征数量及其概率则是竞争性的两个构成因素,它们均与新项目的归类概率成反比

关键词: 归类, 相似性, 竞争性, 特征概率

Abstract: The current study examined the effect of the property of stimulus’ feature on category. Participants in the research consisted of 180 senior under-graduates in South China Normal University. The materials included learning materials and testing materials. And the learning materials were a sample sheet depicting 12 members of two categories, 6 for each category. The testing materials included many new stimuli which are different from the members in the sample sheet in similarity and rivalrousness. Participants were supposed to predict the category label of each stimulus based on the group defined in the sample sheet. The proportion of category-accordance response and the confidence of the response were analyzed. The results of the two experiments showed that: (1) as the two components of similarity, the number of matching features and their matching probability were in direct proportion with the accordance and confidence of the response;(2) as the two components of rivalrousness, the number of rivalrous features and their rivalrous probability were in inverse proportion with the accordance and confidence of the response

Key words: category, similarity, rivalrousness, probability of features

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