ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

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情绪效价和反应指向对幼儿助人行为的影响：来自行为和fNIRS的证据

张文洁, 龙如意, 李苗青, 范伟, 傅小兰   

  1. 湖南师范大学教育科学学院, 湖南 410081 中国
    认知与人类行为湖南省重点实验室, 湖南 410081 中国
    湖南师范大学交叉科学研究院, 湖南 410081 中国
    中国科学院心理研究所, 100101 中国
    上海交通大学心理学院, 200030 中国
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-08 修回日期:2025-11-05 接受日期:2026-01-04
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(2025JJ60221)

Effects of emotional valence and emotional response orientation on young children before and after helping others: evidence from behavior and fNIRS

Zhang Wenjie, Long Ruyi, Li Miaoqing, Fan Wei, Fu Xiaolan   

  1. School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University 410081, China
    , Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province 410081, China
    Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University 410081, China
    Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101, China
    School of Psychology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 200030, China
  • Received:2025-02-08 Revised:2025-11-05 Accepted:2026-01-04

摘要： 本研究通过三个实验探究情绪效价和情绪反应指向对幼儿助人行为的影响及其神经机制。实验1（N=259，M=5.48岁，SD=0.76，127名男孩）探究了情绪效价（积极、中性、消极）对4~6岁幼儿助人行为的影响，结果发现，相比消极情绪和中性情绪，积极情绪更能促进幼儿的助人行为。实验2（N=180 , M=5.39岁，SD=0.79，98名男孩）进一步考察了情绪效价（积极vs.消极）和情绪反应指向（指向自我vs.指向他人）的交互作用，结果发现，指向他人的情绪比指向自我的情绪更能促进助人行为，这种效应在消极情绪条件下更为明显；实验3（N=34，M=5.38岁，SD=0.33，17名男孩）采用功能性近红外光谱技术（fNIRS）探究了在不同情绪效价下5岁幼儿助人行为的神经机制，结果发现，指向自我的消极情绪条件下助人显著激活背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）；而指向自我的积极情绪条件下助人显著激活颞中回（MTG）。这些发现可能表明，情绪效价影响了幼儿的助人行为，同时这种效应受到了情绪指向性的调节； 指向自我的消极情绪下依赖认知控制过程，而指向自我的积极情绪下则通过社会认知和共情机制促进幼儿的助人行为。

关键词: 幼儿助人行为, 情绪效价, 情绪反应指向, 功能性近红外光谱, 背外侧前额叶皮层, 颞中回

Abstract: Early childhood is a crucial period for the development and cultivation of helping behaviors in children, and emotional factors are key influences on these behaviors. There has been ongoing debate regarding how emotional valence and emotional response orientation affect helping behaviors in young children. This study explored the effects of emotional valence and emotional response orientation on helping behaviors in young children and their neural mechanisms through three experiments. Experiment 1 involved 259 children (M = 5.48 years, SD = 0.76; 127 boys), investigating the impact of emotional valence (positive, neutral, negative) on the helping behaviors. Experiment 2, with 180 participants (M = 5.39 years, SD = 0.79; 98 boys), further examined the interaction between emotional valence (positive vs. negative) and emotional response orientation (self-directed vs. other-directed). Experiment 3 focused on 34 children (M = 5.38 years, SD = 0.33; 17 boys) and employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the neural mechanisms underlying helping behaviors in 5-year-old children under different emotional valences. Results: (1) Positive emotions promote helping behaviors more significantly than negative or neutral emotions. (2) Other-directed emotions more effectively enhance helping behaviors, especially under conditions of negative emotion. (3) Under the condition of self-directed negative emotions, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is significantly activated after young children engage in helping behaviors. In contrast, under the condition of self-directed positive emotions, the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) is significantly activated after helping behaviors. These findings suggest that emotional valence influences helping behaviors in young children, moderated by emotional response orientation. Specifically, children rely on cognitive control processes under self-directed negative emotions, while helping behaviors are facilitated through social cognition and empathy mechanisms under self-directed positive emotions.

Key words: Helping behaviors in young children, Emotional valence, Emotional response orientation, Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), Middle temporal gyrus (MTG)