心理学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 748-760.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00748
闫驰1, 高云飞1, 胡赛赛1, 宋方兴2,3, 王勇慧1(), 赵晶晶1()
收稿日期:
2021-10-03
发布日期:
2022-05-16
出版日期:
2022-07-25
通讯作者:
王勇慧,赵晶晶
E-mail:wyonghui@snnu.edu.cn;zhaojingjing_31@126.com
基金资助:
YAN Chi1, GAO Yunfei1, HU Saisai1, SONG Fangxing2,3, WANG Yonghui1(), ZHAO Jingjing1()
Received:
2021-10-03
Online:
2022-05-16
Published:
2022-07-25
Contact:
WANG Yonghui,ZHAO Jingjing
E-mail:wyonghui@snnu.edu.cn;zhaojingjing_31@126.com
摘要:
目光注视在人类社交以及捕获和维持注意方面发挥重要作用。但是, 目光注视如何与客体交互以引导注意分配至今尚不明确。因此, 本研究采用双框线索范式, 以具有两种注视方向(直视或回避)的面孔或实物作为客体, 通过操纵线索到目标间的SOA来考察目光注视对客体注意的影响及作用机制。实验1发现, 目光注视对客体效应的影响只出现在300 ms SOA时; 进一步分析发现, 客体效应的差异来自于直视条件下被试对无效相同客体位置上的目标比回避条件下反应更快。这表明与回避目光相比, 直视更能捕获我们的注意, 从而产生更大的客体效应。实验2将面孔对比度反转, 排除了低水平物理特征对实验1结果的影响。实验3使用两种注视方向的眼睛叠加杯子作为客体, 以探究目光注视效应是否能扩展到其他客体中, 结果与实验1相同。本研究结果表明, 目光注视能够与客体交互共同引导注意分配, 直视更能捕获注意, 但受SOA的影响, 上述结果支持了感觉增强理论。
中图分类号:
闫驰, 高云飞, 胡赛赛, 宋方兴, 王勇慧, 赵晶晶. (2022). 目光注视线索对客体注意的影响及作用机制. 心理学报, 54(7), 748-760.
YAN Chi, GAO Yunfei, HU Saisai, SONG Fangxing, WANG Yonghui, ZHAO Jingjing. (2022). The impact and mechanism of gaze cues on object-based attention. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(7), 748-760.
SOA | 直视 | 回避 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | 有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | |
100 ms | 358 ± 43 | 353 ± 47 | 360 ± 43 | 359 ± 41 | 351 ± 46 | 361 ± 48 |
300 ms | 321 ± 44 | 320 ± 45 | 333 ± 45 | 326 ± 41 | 327 ± 47 | 331 ± 46 |
600 ms | 350 ± 47 | 349 ± 47 | 350 ± 44 | 350 ± 47 | 346 ± 43 | 352 ± 47 |
表1 实验1中SOA、提示线索所在位置和线索有效性各条件下的平均反应时(M ± SD)
SOA | 直视 | 回避 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | 有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | |
100 ms | 358 ± 43 | 353 ± 47 | 360 ± 43 | 359 ± 41 | 351 ± 46 | 361 ± 48 |
300 ms | 321 ± 44 | 320 ± 45 | 333 ± 45 | 326 ± 41 | 327 ± 47 | 331 ± 46 |
600 ms | 350 ± 47 | 349 ± 47 | 350 ± 44 | 350 ± 47 | 346 ± 43 | 352 ± 47 |
SOA | 直视 | 回避 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | 有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | |
100 ms | 382 ± 47 | 372 ± 42 | 388 ± 49 | 375 ± 44 | 371 ± 47 | 378 ± 46 |
300 ms | 339 ± 46 | 340 ± 42 | 354 ± 54 | 335 ± 41 | 341 ± 48 | 347 ± 49 |
600 ms | 368 ± 46 | 368 ± 47 | 369 ± 47 | 368 ± 46 | 368 ± 47 | 375 ± 50 |
表2 实验2中SOA、提示线索所在位置和线索有效性各条件下的平均反应时(M ± SD)
SOA | 直视 | 回避 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | 有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | |
100 ms | 382 ± 47 | 372 ± 42 | 388 ± 49 | 375 ± 44 | 371 ± 47 | 378 ± 46 |
300 ms | 339 ± 46 | 340 ± 42 | 354 ± 54 | 335 ± 41 | 341 ± 48 | 347 ± 49 |
600 ms | 368 ± 46 | 368 ± 47 | 369 ± 47 | 368 ± 46 | 368 ± 47 | 375 ± 50 |
SOA | 直视 | 回避 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | 有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | |
100 ms | 389 ± 46 | 388 ± 54 | 400 ± 51 | 387 ± 44 | 388 ± 53 | 395 ± 52 |
300 ms | 348 ± 38 | 353 ± 51 | 367 ± 51 | 349 ± 46 | 363 ± 52 | 361 ± 55 |
600 ms | 381 ± 41 | 382 ± 42 | 384 ± 42 | 378 ± 39 | 380 ± 39 | 386 ± 39 |
表3 实验3中SOA、提示线索所在位置和线索有效性各条件下的平均反应时(M ± SD)
SOA | 直视 | 回避 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | 有效 | 无效相同 | 无效不同 | |
100 ms | 389 ± 46 | 388 ± 54 | 400 ± 51 | 387 ± 44 | 388 ± 53 | 395 ± 52 |
300 ms | 348 ± 38 | 353 ± 51 | 367 ± 51 | 349 ± 46 | 363 ± 52 | 361 ± 55 |
600 ms | 381 ± 41 | 382 ± 42 | 384 ± 42 | 378 ± 39 | 380 ± 39 | 386 ± 39 |
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