How violent video games affect prosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00453

Abstract

Abstract:

Violent video game is a new kind of medium which depicts intentional attempts by individuals to inflict harm on others. Prosociality is an important characteristic that distinguishes human beings from animals, which includes prosocial cognition, emotion and behavior that show in interpersonal communication, such as altruism, helping behavior and so on. The current research conducted a meta-analytic review of studies that examined the impact of violent video games on prosocial outcomes, and focused on the role of moderating variables in the relationship between violent video games and prosocial outcomes. Data from 24 journal articles and 63 effect sizes with 18554 participants revealed that violent video games had negative main effects on prosocial outcomes, but the effect size was small (r = -0.10); moderation analysis showed that the effects between violent video games and prosocial outcomes were moderated by gender, age of participants, measurement and types of prosocial outcomes. Future research should consider using new models such as take together for GAM and GLM model to guide the research which explore the relationship between violent video games and prosocial outcomes, optimizing the experimental paradigm which measures prosocial outcomes. What’s more, it is necessary to pay attention to the effects of individual differences and features of video games.

Key words: violent video games, prosocial outcomes, meta-analysis, moderated effects

CLC Number:

B849: C91

SHAO Rong, TENG Zhaojun, LIU Yanling. How violent video games affect prosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2019, 27(3): 453-464.

Figures/Tables 5

References 64

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作者	男性%	被试群体	平均年龄(岁)	N	测量类型	指标	统计分析	r
王晨雪, 2011 A	36.14	大学生	21.2	55	E	B	T-test	-0.05
王晨雪, 2011 B	36.99	大学生	20.47	49	E	B	T-test	0.17
王晨雪, 2011 C	36.99	大学生	20.47	49	E	A	T-test	-0.07
王子祥, 2016 A	47.67	儿童	10	59	E	B	T-test	0.16
王子祥, 2016 B	47.67	儿童	10	58	E	B	T-test	-0.14
温广辉, 2014 A	100	儿童	8.87	33	E	B	T-test	0.08
温广辉, 2014 B	100	儿童	10.51	31	E	B	T-test	-0.20
温广辉, 2014 C	100	儿童	12.20	32	E	B	T-test	-0.17
温广辉, 2014 D	0	儿童	9.00	27	E	B	T-test	0.12
温广辉, 2014 E	0	儿童	10.32	29	E	B	T-test	-0.27
温广辉, 2014 F	0	儿童	12.30	28	E	B	T-test	0.10
杨序斌, 2014 A	83.74	大学生	20.1	246	S	A	Correlation	-0.45
杨序斌, 2014 B	83.74	大学生	20.1	246	S	B	Correlation	-0.42
Bartholow et al., 2005 A	100	大学生	20	200	S	A	Correlation	0.10
Bartholow et al., 2005 B	100	大学生	20	200	S	A	Correlation	0.16
Bartholow et al., 2005 C	100	大学生	20	200	S	A	Correlation	-0.14
Bartholow et al., 2005 D	100	大学生	20	200	S	A	Correlation	-0.45
B?sche, 2010	100	大学生	22.72	27	E	C	Correlation	0.30
Ferguson & Garza, 2011	50.5	青少年	14.6	873	S	B	Correlation	0.08
Fraser et al., 2012 A	100	大学生	19.6	243	S	B	Correlation	-0.02
Fraser et al., 2012 B	100	大学生	19.6	243	S	B	Correlation	-0.01
Fraser et al., 2012 C	100	大学生	19.6	243	S	B	Correlation	0.08
Fraser et al., 2012 D	0	大学生	19.6	547	S	B	Correlation	-0.20
Fraser et al., 2012 E	0	大学生	19.6	547	S	B	Correlation	-0.17
Fraser et al., 2012 F	0	大学生	19.6	547	S	B	Correlation	0.12
Gentile et al., 2009 A	73	青少年	13	727	S	B	Correlation	-0.43
作者	男性%	被试群体	平均年龄(岁)	N	测量类型	指标	统计分析	r
Gentile et al., 2009 B	73	青少年	13	727	S	B	Correlation	0.22
Gentile et al., 2009 C	73	青少年	13	727	S	A	Correlation	-0.41
Gentile et al., 2009 D	73	青少年	13	727	S	A	Correlation	-0.04
Gentile et al., 2011 A	51	儿童	9.7	430	S	B	Correlation	-0.36
Gentile et al., 2011 B	51	儿童	9.7	430	S	B	Correlation	-0.35
Gentile et al., 2011 C	51	儿童	9.7	430	S	B	Correlation	-0.31
Greitemeyer et al., 2012	25	大学生	20	16	E	B	T-test	-0.27
Greitemeyer & Brauer, 2010	35.59	大学生	23	39	E	A	T-test	-0.19
Greitemeyer & Osswald, 2010	37.04	大学生	21.81	40	E	B	χ²-test	0.02
Jin & Li, 2017 A	61.19	大学生	19.73	268	S	B	Correlation	0.02
Jin & Li, 2017 B	52.38	大学生	23.8	42	E	B	Correlation	0.30
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2010 A	48.5	青少年	13.4	1236	S	A	Correlation	-0.35
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2010 B	48.5	青少年	14.5	1230	S	A	Correlation	-0.29
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2010 C	48.5	青少年	13.4	1236	S	B	Correlation	0.18
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2010 D	48.5	青少年	14.5	1230	S	B	Correlation	0.25
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2011 A	100	青少年	13.4	848	S	B	Correlation	-0.08
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2011 B	0	青少年	13.4	837	S	B	Correlation	-0.08
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2011 C	100	青少年	13.4	848	S	B	Correlation	0.24
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2011 D	0	青少年	13.4	837	S	B	Correlation	0.15
Li et al., 2012	72.68	儿童青少年	11.2	1114	S	A	T-test	-0.19
Prot et al., 2014 A	73	青少年	12.2	3034	S	A	Correlation	-0.15
Prot et al., 2014 B	73	青少年	12.2	2360	S	A	Correlation	-0.14
Prot et al., 2014 C	73	青少年	12.2	2232	S	A	Correlation	-0.14
Prot et al., 2014 D	73	青少年	12.2	3034	S	B	Correlation	-0.13
Prot et al., 2014 E	73	青少年	12.2	2360	S	B	Correlation	-0.13
Prot et al., 2014 F	73	青少年	12.2	2232	S	B	Correlation	-0.13
Saleem et al., 2012a*	54.45	儿童青少年	12.4	123	E	B	T-test	-0.11
Saleem et al., 2012b	69.91	大学生	19.57	220	S	A	T-test	-0.09
Tear & Nielsen, 2013 A	56	大学生	20.3	32	E	B	χ²-test	-0.42
Tear & Nielsen, 2013 B	56	大学生	20.3	32	E	B	χ²-test	-0.05
Tear & Nielsen, 2013 C	55	大学生	21.63	32	E	B	χ²-test	0.17
Tear & Nielsen, 2013 D	55	大学生	21.63	32	E	B	χ²-test	-0.07
Teng et al., 2011 A	100	大学生	21.00	53	S	A	T-test	-0.11
Teng et al., 2011 B	0	大学生	21.00	79	S	A	T-test	0.06
Whitaker & Bushman, 2012 A	46	大学生	19.6	101	E	B	T-test	-0.19
Whitaker & Bushman, 2012 B	39	大学生	19.4	65	E	B	T-test	0.05
Zhen et al., 2011	44	儿童青少年	14.68	795	S	A	Correlation	-0.22

作者	男性%	被试群体	平均年龄(岁)	N	测量类型	指标	统计分析	r
王晨雪, 2011 A	36.14	大学生	21.2	55	E	B	T-test	-0.05
王晨雪, 2011 B	36.99	大学生	20.47	49	E	B	T-test	0.17
王晨雪, 2011 C	36.99	大学生	20.47	49	E	A	T-test	-0.07
王子祥, 2016 A	47.67	儿童	10	59	E	B	T-test	0.16
王子祥, 2016 B	47.67	儿童	10	58	E	B	T-test	-0.14
温广辉, 2014 A	100	儿童	8.87	33	E	B	T-test	0.08
温广辉, 2014 B	100	儿童	10.51	31	E	B	T-test	-0.20
温广辉, 2014 C	100	儿童	12.20	32	E	B	T-test	-0.17
温广辉, 2014 D	0	儿童	9.00	27	E	B	T-test	0.12
温广辉, 2014 E	0	儿童	10.32	29	E	B	T-test	-0.27
温广辉, 2014 F	0	儿童	12.30	28	E	B	T-test	0.10
杨序斌, 2014 A	83.74	大学生	20.1	246	S	A	Correlation	-0.45
杨序斌, 2014 B	83.74	大学生	20.1	246	S	B	Correlation	-0.42
Bartholow et al., 2005 A	100	大学生	20	200	S	A	Correlation	0.10
Bartholow et al., 2005 B	100	大学生	20	200	S	A	Correlation	0.16
Bartholow et al., 2005 C	100	大学生	20	200	S	A	Correlation	-0.14
Bartholow et al., 2005 D	100	大学生	20	200	S	A	Correlation	-0.45
B?sche, 2010	100	大学生	22.72	27	E	C	Correlation	0.30
Ferguson & Garza, 2011	50.5	青少年	14.6	873	S	B	Correlation	0.08
Fraser et al., 2012 A	100	大学生	19.6	243	S	B	Correlation	-0.02
Fraser et al., 2012 B	100	大学生	19.6	243	S	B	Correlation	-0.01
Fraser et al., 2012 C	100	大学生	19.6	243	S	B	Correlation	0.08
Fraser et al., 2012 D	0	大学生	19.6	547	S	B	Correlation	-0.20
Fraser et al., 2012 E	0	大学生	19.6	547	S	B	Correlation	-0.17
Fraser et al., 2012 F	0	大学生	19.6	547	S	B	Correlation	0.12
Gentile et al., 2009 A	73	青少年	13	727	S	B	Correlation	-0.43
作者	男性%	被试群体	平均年龄(岁)	N	测量类型	指标	统计分析	r
Gentile et al., 2009 B	73	青少年	13	727	S	B	Correlation	0.22
Gentile et al., 2009 C	73	青少年	13	727	S	A	Correlation	-0.41
Gentile et al., 2009 D	73	青少年	13	727	S	A	Correlation	-0.04
Gentile et al., 2011 A	51	儿童	9.7	430	S	B	Correlation	-0.36
Gentile et al., 2011 B	51	儿童	9.7	430	S	B	Correlation	-0.35
Gentile et al., 2011 C	51	儿童	9.7	430	S	B	Correlation	-0.31
Greitemeyer et al., 2012	25	大学生	20	16	E	B	T-test	-0.27
Greitemeyer & Brauer, 2010	35.59	大学生	23	39	E	A	T-test	-0.19
Greitemeyer & Osswald, 2010	37.04	大学生	21.81	40	E	B	χ²-test	0.02
Jin & Li, 2017 A	61.19	大学生	19.73	268	S	B	Correlation	0.02
Jin & Li, 2017 B	52.38	大学生	23.8	42	E	B	Correlation	0.30
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2010 A	48.5	青少年	13.4	1236	S	A	Correlation	-0.35
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2010 B	48.5	青少年	14.5	1230	S	A	Correlation	-0.29
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2010 C	48.5	青少年	13.4	1236	S	B	Correlation	0.18
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2010 D	48.5	青少年	14.5	1230	S	B	Correlation	0.25
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2011 A	100	青少年	13.4	848	S	B	Correlation	-0.08
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2011 B	0	青少年	13.4	837	S	B	Correlation	-0.08
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2011 C	100	青少年	13.4	848	S	B	Correlation	0.24
Krahé & M?lleIr, 2011 D	0	青少年	13.4	837	S	B	Correlation	0.15
Li et al., 2012	72.68	儿童青少年	11.2	1114	S	A	T-test	-0.19
Prot et al., 2014 A	73	青少年	12.2	3034	S	A	Correlation	-0.15
Prot et al., 2014 B	73	青少年	12.2	2360	S	A	Correlation	-0.14
Prot et al., 2014 C	73	青少年	12.2	2232	S	A	Correlation	-0.14
Prot et al., 2014 D	73	青少年	12.2	3034	S	B	Correlation	-0.13
Prot et al., 2014 E	73	青少年	12.2	2360	S	B	Correlation	-0.13
Prot et al., 2014 F	73	青少年	12.2	2232	S	B	Correlation	-0.13
Saleem et al., 2012a*	54.45	儿童青少年	12.4	123	E	B	T-test	-0.11
Saleem et al., 2012b	69.91	大学生	19.57	220	S	A	T-test	-0.09
Tear & Nielsen, 2013 A	56	大学生	20.3	32	E	B	χ²-test	-0.42
Tear & Nielsen, 2013 B	56	大学生	20.3	32	E	B	χ²-test	-0.05
Tear & Nielsen, 2013 C	55	大学生	21.63	32	E	B	χ²-test	0.17
Tear & Nielsen, 2013 D	55	大学生	21.63	32	E	B	χ²-test	-0.07
Teng et al., 2011 A	100	大学生	21.00	53	S	A	T-test	-0.11
Teng et al., 2011 B	0	大学生	21.00	79	S	A	T-test	0.06
Whitaker & Bushman, 2012 A	46	大学生	19.6	101	E	B	T-test	-0.19
Whitaker & Bushman, 2012 B	39	大学生	19.4	65	E	B	T-test	0.05
Zhen et al., 2011	44	儿童青少年	14.68	795	S	A	Correlation	-0.22

模型	独立样本	异质性				Tau-squared
模型	独立样本	Q值	df (Q)	p值	I-squared	Tau-squared	SE	方差	Tau
随机效应	63	1081.34	62	0.00	94.27%	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.17

模型	独立样本	异质性				Tau-squared
模型	独立样本	Q值	df (Q)	p值	I-squared	Tau-squared	SE	方差	Tau
随机效应	63	1081.34	62	0.00	94.27%	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.17

模型	独立样本	N	效应值及0.95的置信区间			双尾检验
模型	独立样本	N	点估计	下限	上限	z值	p值
随机效应	63	18554	-0.10	-0.15	-0.05	-4.14	0.00