Decision effect in multiple dated intertemporal choice and its psychological mechanisms

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.02224

Abstract

Abstract:

Multiple dated outcomes in intertemporal choice involves the tradeoff of two or more outcomes at multiple time points, which has become the focus of research on intertemporal choice. According to the characteristics of the multiple dated intertemporal choice, this paper reviews the decision effects of multi-dated outcome on intertemporal choice, including: hidden zero effect, symbolic effect, extra dated money effect, front-end amount effect and sequence effect from the two-outcome and the sequence outcomes. In addition, the theoretical models such as the sequence model and the trade-off model to explain the above decision effects are explained. Finally, the paper points out the future research direction: the follow-up research should strengthen the discussion on the field of mixed gain-loss intertemporal choice, and further explore the mechanism of multiple dated intertemporal choice process by using the decision-making process tracking technology.

Key words: intertemporal choice, single dated outcome, multiple dated outcomes, sequential model, trade-off model

CLC Number:

B849: C91

SUN Hai-Long, AN Xin-Ru, XIONG Guan-Xing. Decision effect in multiple dated intertemporal choice and its psychological mechanisms[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2021, 29(12): 2224-2235.

Figures/Tables 2

References 48

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时点		T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄	T₅	决策效应
单时点	选项1		X₁				——
单时点	选项2				X₂		——
两时点结果
零	选项1		X₁		0		隐藏的零效应 (Hidden zero effect)
零	选项2		0		X₂		隐藏的零效应 (Hidden zero effect)
位置(前)	选项1	m	X₁				象征效应 (Mere token effect)
位置(前)	选项2	m			X₂		象征效应 (Mere token effect)
位置(中)	选项1		X₁	m			额外金钱效应 (Extra dated-money effect)
位置(中)	选项2			m	X₂
位置(后)	选项1		X₁			m
位置(后)	选项2				X₂	m
位置(相同)	选项1		X₁₊m				前端金额效应 (Front-end amount effect)
位置(相同)	选项2		m		X₂		前端金额效应 (Front-end amount effect)

时点		T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄	T₅	决策效应
单时点	选项1		X₁				——
单时点	选项2				X₂		——
两时点结果
零	选项1		X₁		0		隐藏的零效应 (Hidden zero effect)
零	选项2		0		X₂		隐藏的零效应 (Hidden zero effect)
位置(前)	选项1	m	X₁				象征效应 (Mere token effect)
位置(前)	选项2	m			X₂		象征效应 (Mere token effect)
位置(中)	选项1		X₁	m			额外金钱效应 (Extra dated-money effect)
位置(中)	选项2			m	X₂
位置(后)	选项1		X₁			m
位置(后)	选项2				X₂	m
位置(相同)	选项1		X₁₊m				前端金额效应 (Front-end amount effect)
位置(相同)	选项2		m		X₂		前端金额效应 (Front-end amount effect)

模型	理论基础	基本内容	两时点结果		序列结果领域
模型	理论基础	基本内容	相容证据	相斥(未证实)	相容证据	相斥(未证实)
权衡模型	基于维度	人们需要比较价值维度和时间维度之间的差异：在多个结果的累积效用与效用累积的时长之间加以权衡。其中时长受到实际延迟时间和延迟时间内结果的累积效用的影响。	隐藏的零效应象征效应额外金钱效应前端金额效应		——	序列效应
序列模型	基于选项	人们需要权衡各选项累积效用大小。对于多时点跨期而言, 每个选项的效用由三部分构成：时间折扣效用、改善效用和延展效用。获益情境下递增序列的效用大于递减序列。		隐藏的零效应象征效应额外金钱效应前端金额效应	序列效应	——

模型	理论基础	基本内容	两时点结果		序列结果领域
模型	理论基础	基本内容	相容证据	相斥(未证实)	相容证据	相斥(未证实)
权衡模型	基于维度	人们需要比较价值维度和时间维度之间的差异：在多个结果的累积效用与效用累积的时长之间加以权衡。其中时长受到实际延迟时间和延迟时间内结果的累积效用的影响。	隐藏的零效应象征效应额外金钱效应前端金额效应		——	序列效应
序列模型	基于选项	人们需要权衡各选项累积效用大小。对于多时点跨期而言, 每个选项的效用由三部分构成：时间折扣效用、改善效用和延展效用。获益情境下递增序列的效用大于递减序列。		隐藏的零效应象征效应额外金钱效应前端金额效应	序列效应	——