Abstract: Resilience refers to the phenomenon that a person has the achievement of positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity or trauma. There has been a personal ability-based approach and a developmental result-based approach to identify the brain and neurobiological evidence for resilience. The studies of resilient mechanism at biological level mainly focus on inhibition of traumatic memory, brain plasticity, regulation of neurobiology and effect from protective factors including gene, temperament, emotion regulation, cognitive process, and early experience. Finally, the future research trends in the relevant areas were discussed

Key words: resilience, trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, biological mechanism, research paradigm