Abstract: Targeted memory reactivation is a noninvasive technique that selectively enhances memory consolidation during sleep by re-presenting sensory cues associated with learning content. Research demonstrates that this technique produces modulatory effects across different memory types: in declarative memory, it promotes memory strengthening and stabilization, and exhibits representational reorganization; in procedural memory, it can simultaneously facilitate both explicit and implicit learning, with effects modulated by cue modality and sleep stage; in emotional memory, it demonstrates dissociated processing of memory content and emotional valence, both enhancing content consolidation and promoting fear extinction, while attenuating emotional tone and reducing emotional arousal. Its neural mechanisms involve bidirectional cortico-hippocampal interactions: external cues activate cortical memory representations and bias the hippocampus to selectively replay corresponding content, with replayed information transmitted back to the cortex triggering secondary reactivation. This cortico-hippocampal-cortical loop, through the reverberation of replay between cortex and hippocampus, facilitates memory integration and consolidation. The present review systematically summarizes the consolidation effects of TMR on different memory types and its neural mechanisms, and discusses its application prospects in mental health interventions as well as innovative directions in closed-loop phase-locked techniques.

Key words: Targeted memory reactivation, Memory consolidation, Neural replay, Closed-loop phase-locking, Sleep