动作视频游戏对发展性阅读障碍者阅读技能的影响及其内在机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.01000

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发展性阅读障碍是一种在获得阅读技能方面的特殊困难, 这种障碍会严重影响个体的发展, 如何帮助发展性阅读障碍者改善其阅读技能是近年来研究的焦点。传统的干预方法主要针对发展性阅读障碍者的语音缺陷, 这类方法存在一些问题, 如费时费力、给阅读障碍者带来阅读压力等。近年来, 大部分研究表明通过趣味性的动作视频游戏训练可以显著地提高发展性阅读障碍者的阅读技能, 但是其背后的机制尚不明确。基于大细胞通路缺陷理论框架, 从视觉空间注意、注意跨通道转换、视觉运动加工等方面来梳理动作视频游戏与阅读之间的关系, 揭示了动作视频游戏训练对阅读效率影响的可能内在机制。未来的研究可以在大细胞通路缺陷理论的框架下, 深入分析动作视频游戏改善阅读的神经机制, 并尝试开发更适合发展性阅读障碍者的干预程序。

关键词: 动作视频游戏, 发展性阅读障碍, 注意跨通道转换, 大细胞通路缺陷

Abstract:

Developmental dyslexia is a specific disorder in reading acquisition, which hinders the development of individuals. Many researchers focused on how to help the dyslexics to improve their reading skills. Traditional intervention methods are mainly based on phonological deficit of dyslexia, in which there are still some problems required to be solved such as consuming considerable time and labors in intervention implementation, and reading materials putting pressures on dyslexic readers. In recent years, most of the relevant studies have indicated that the intriguing action video game intervention could significantly improve the dyslexics' reading abilities, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Based on the visual magnocellular deficit theory, the possible internal mechanisms regarding the positive influence of playing action video games on reading efficiency could be explained from the aspects of visual spatial attention, cross-sensory attention shifting and visual motor processing. Based on this theory framework, future research could not only examine the internal mechanisms of the effect of action video game training on reading skills, but also develop relevant intervention programs which are more suitable for the dyslexic readers.

Key words: action video game, developmental dyslexia, cross-sensory attention shifting, the visual magnocellular deficit theory

中图分类号:

R395

任筱宇, 赵婧, 毕鸿燕. (2021). 动作视频游戏对发展性阅读障碍者阅读技能的影响及其内在机制. 心理科学进展 , 29(6), 1000-1009.

REN Xiaoyu, ZHAO Jing, BI Hongyan. (2021). Effects of action video games on reading skills of individuals with developmental dyslexia and its internal mechanisms. Advances in Psychological Science, 29(6), 1000-1009.

图/表 1

参考文献 60

[1]	American Psychiatric Association APA (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
[2]	Antzaka, A., Lallier, M., Meyer, S., Diard, J., Carreiras, M., & Valdois, S. (2017). Enhancing reading performance through action video games: The role of visual attention span. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 14563. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15119-9 pmid: 29109424
[3]	Bar, M., Kassam, K. S., Ghuman, A. S., Boshyan, J., Schmid, A. M., Dale, A. M., ... Halgren, E. (2006). Top-down facilitation of visual recognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(2), 449-454. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0507062103 URL
[4]	Bavelier, D., Achtman, R. L., Mani, M., & Föcker, J. (2011). Neural bases of selective attention in action video game players. Vision Research, 61, 132-143. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2011.08.007 URL
[5]	Bavelier, D., & Green, C. S. (2019). Enhancing attentional control: Lessons from action video games. Neuron, 104(1), 147-163. doi: S0896-6273(19)30833-5 pmid: 31600511
[6]	Bavelier, D., Green, C. S., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2013). Cognitive development: Gaming your way out of dyslexia? Current Biology, 23(7), 282-283. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.016 URL
[7]	Bediou, B., Adams, D. M., Mayer, R. E., Tipton, E., Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2018). Meta-analysis of action video game impact on perceptual, attentional, and cognitive skills. Psychological Bulletin, 144(1), 77-110. doi: 10.1037/bul0000130 URL
[8]	Bedwell, W. L., Pavlas, D., Heyne, K., Lazzara, E. H., & Salas, E. (2012). Toward a taxonomy linking game attributes to learning: An empirical study. Simulation & Gaming, 43(6), 729-760.
[9]	Bertoni, S., Franceschini, S., Ronconi, L., Gori, S., & Facoetti, A. (2019). Is excessive visual crowding causally linked to developmental dyslexia? Neuropsychologia, 130, 105-115.
[10]	Buchanan, T. (2002). Online assessment: Desirable or dangerous? Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33(2), 148-154. doi: 10.1037/0735-7028.33.2.148 URL
[11]	Chouake, T., Levy, T., Javitt, D. C., & Lavidor, M. (2012). Magnocellular training improves visual word recognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 14.
[12]	Dale, G., Joessel, A., Bavelier, D., & Green, C. S. (2020). A new look at the cognitive neuroscience of video game play. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1464(1), 192-203.
[13]	Dehaene, S., Pegado, F., Braga, L. W., Ventura, P., Filho, G. N., Jobert, A., ... Cohen, L. (2010). How learning to read changes the cortical networks for vision and language. Science, 330(6009), 1359-1364. doi: 10.1126/science.1194140 URL
[14]	Donohue, S. E., Woldorff, M. G., & Mitroff, S. R. (2010). Video game players show more precise multisensory temporal processing abilities. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72(4), 1120-1129.
[15]	Feng, J., Spence, I., & Pratt, J. (2007). Playing an action video game reduces gender differences in spatial cognition. Psychological Science, 18(10), 850-855. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01990.x URL
[16]	Föcker, J., Mortazavi, M., Khoe, W., Hillyard, S. A., & Bavelier, D. (2018). Neural correlates of enhanced visual attentional control in action video game players: An event- related potential study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 31(3), 377-389.
[17]	Franceschini, S., & Bertoni, S. (2019). Improving action video games abilities increases the phonological decoding speed and phonological short-term memory in children with developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 130, 100-106. doi: S0028-3932(18)30730-9 pmid: 30395809
[18]	Franceschini, S., Bertoni, S., Gianesini, T., Gori, S., & Facoetti, A. (2017). A different vision of dyslexia: Local precedence on global perception. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 17462. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17626-1 pmid: 29234050
[19]	Franceschini, S., Bertoni, S., Ronconi, L., Molteni, M., Gori, S., & Facoetti, A. (2015). “Shall we play a game?”: Improving reading through action video games in developmental dyslexia. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 2(4), 318-329. doi: 10.1007/s40474-015-0064-4 URL
[20]	Franceschini, S., Gori, S., Ruffino, M., Pedrolli, K., & Facoetti, A. (2012). A causal link between visual spatial attention and reading acquisition. Current Biology, 22(9), 814-819. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.013 URL
[21]	Franceschini, S., Gori, S., Ruffino, M., Viola, S., Molteni, M., & Facoetti, A. (2013). Action video games make dyslexic children read better. Current Biology, 23(6), 462-466. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.044 URL
[22]	Franceschini, S., Trevisan, P., Ronconi, L., Bertoni, S., Colmar, S., Double, K., ... Gori, S. (2017). Action video games improve reading abilities and visual-to-auditory attentional shifting in English-speaking children with dyslexia. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 5863. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05826-8 pmid: 28725022
[23]	Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2009). Dyslexia: A new synergy between education and cognitive neuroscience. Science, 325(325), 280-283. doi: 10.1126/science.1171999 URL
[24]	Ghisi, M., Bottesi, G., Re, A. M., Cerea, S.& Mammarella, I. C. (2016). Socioemotional features and resilience in Italian university students with and without dyslexia. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 478.
[25]	Gori, S., & Facoetti, A. (2014). Perceptual learning as a possible new approach for remediation and prevention of developmental dyslexia. Vision Research, 99, 78-87. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2013.11.011 URL
[26]	Gori, S., Molteni, M., & Facoetti, A. (2016). Visual illusions: An interesting tool to investigate developmental dyslexia and autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 175.
[27]	Gori, S., Seitz, A. R., Ronconi, L., Franceschini, S., & Facoetti, A. (2016). Multiple causal links between magnocellular-dorsal pathway deficit and developmental dyslexia. Cerebral Cortex, 26(11), 4356-4369. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhv206 URL
[28]	Grainger, J., Dufau, S., & Ziegler, J. C. (2016). A vision of reading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(3), 171-179. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2015.12.008 URL
[29]	Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2003). Action video game modifies visual selective attention. Nature, 423(6939), 534-537. doi: 10.1038/nature01647 URL
[30]	Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2006). Effect of action video games on the spatial distribution of visuospatial attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance, 32(6), 1465-1478.
[31]	Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2012). Learning, attentional control, and action video games. Current Biology, 22(6), 197-206. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.062 URL
[32]	Green, C. S., Bavelier, D., Kramer, A. F., Vinogradov, S., Ansorge, U., Ball, K. K., ... Witt, C. M. (2019). Improving methodological standards in behavioral interventions for cognitive enhancement. Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 3(1), 2-29.
[33]	Green, C. S., Li, R. J., & Bavelier, D. (2010). Perceptual learning during action video game playing. Topics in Cognitive Science, 2(2), 202-216.
[34]	Harrar, V., Tammam, J., Pérez-Bellido, A., Pitt, A., Stein, J., & Spence, C. (2014). Multisensory integration and attention in developmental dyslexia. Current Biology, 24(5), 531-535. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.029 URL
[35]	Ji, Y. Z., & Bi, H. Y. (2020). Visual dysfunction in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia: Magnocellular-dorsal pathway deficit or noise exclusion deficit? Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 958. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00958 URL
[36]	Levy, T., Walsh, V., & Lavidor, M. (2010). Dorsal stream modulation of visual word recognition in skilled readers. Vision Research, 50(9), 883-888. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.02.019 URL
[37]	Li, L., Chen, R., & Chen, J. (2016). Playing action video games improves visuomotor control. Psychological Science, 27(8), 1092-1108. doi: 10.1177/0956797616650300 pmid: 27485132
[38]	Liederman, J., Fisher, M. G., Schulz, M., Maxwell, C., Théoret, H., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2003). The role of motion direction selective extrastriate regions in reading: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Brain & Language, 85(1), 140-155.
[39]	Liu, D., Chen, X., & Wang, Y. (2016). The impact of visual- spatial attention on reading and spelling in Chinese children. Reading and Writing, 29(7), 1435-1447. doi: 10.1007/s11145-016-9644-x URL
[40]	Liu, S. S., Liu, D., Pan, Z. H., & Xu, Z. Y. (2018). The association between reading abilities and visual‐spatial attention in Hong Kong Chinese children. Dyslexia, 24(3), 263-275. doi: 10.1002/dys.v24.3 URL
[41]	Liu, S. S., Wang, L. C., & Liu, D. (2019). Auditory, visual, and cross-modal temporal processing skills among Chinese children with developmental dyslexia. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 52(6), 431-441. doi: 10.1177/0022219419863766 URL
[42]	Łuniewska, M., Chyl, K., Debska, A., Kacprzak, A., Plewko, J., Szczerbinski, M., ... Jednorog, K. (2018). Neither action nor phonological video games make dyslexic children read better. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 549. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18878-7 URL
[43]	Mascheretti, S., Gori, S., Trezzi, V., Ruffino, M., Facoetti, A., & Marino, C. (2018). Visual motion and rapid auditory processing are solid endophenotypes of developmental dyslexia. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 17(1), 70-81.
[44]	Morin-Moncet, O., Therrien-Blanchet, J.-M., Ferland, M. C., Théoret, H., & West, G. L. (2016). Action video game playing is reflected in enhanced visuomotor performance and increased corticospinal excitability. PLoS ONE, 11(12), e0169013. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169013 URL
[45]	Nyquist, J. B., Lappin, J. S., Zhang, R. Y., & Tadin, D. (2016). Perceptual training yields rapid improvements in visually impaired youth. Scientific Reports, 6, 37431. doi: 10.1038/srep37431 URL
[46]	Peters, J. L., de Losa, L., Bavin, E.L.& Crewther, S. G. (2019). Efficacy of dynamic visuo-attentional interventions for reading in dyslexic and neurotypical children: A systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 100, 58-76. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.015 URL
[47]	Peterson, R. L., & Pennington, B. F. (2012). Developmental dyslexia. Lancet, 379, 1997-2007. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60198-6 pmid: 22513218
[48]	Qian, Y., & Bi, H. Y. (2015). The effect of magnocellular-based visual-motor intervention on Chinese children with developmental dyslexia. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1529.
[49]	Roque, N. A., & Boot, W. R. (2018). Action video games do not promote visual attention. In Christopher J. & Ferguson, C. J. (Eds.). Video Game Influences on Aggression, Cognition, and Attention (pp. 105-118). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.
[50]	Seitz, A. R., Protopapas, A., Tsushima, Y., Vlahou, E. L., Gori, S., Grossberg, S., & Watanabe, T. (2010). Unattended exposure to components of speech sounds yields same benefits as explicit auditory training. Cognition, 115(3), 435-443. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.03.004 URL
[51]	Shaywitz, B. A., Shaywitz, S. E., Blachman, B. A., Pugh, K. R., Fulbright, R. K., Skudlarski, P., ... Gore, J. C. (2004). Development of left occipitotemporal systems for skilled reading in children after a phonologically- based intervention. Biological Psychiatry, 55(9), 926-933. pmid: 15110736
[52]	Snowling, M. J. (1980). The development of grapheme-phoneme correspondence in normal and dyslexic readers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 29(2), 294-305. pmid: 7365427
[53]	Snowling, M. J. (2001). From language to reading and dyslexia. Dyslexia, 7(1), 37-46. pmid: 11305230
[54]	Stein, J. (2014). Dyslexia: The role of vision and visual attention. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 1(4), 267-280.
[55]	Stein, J. (2018). The current status of the magnocellular theory of developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 130, 66-77. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.022 URL
[56]	Tanaka, S., Ikeda, H., Kasahara, K., Kato, R., Tsubomi, H., Sugawara, S.K.... Watanabe, K. (2013). Larger right posterior parietal volume in action video game experts: A behavioral and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e66998. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066998 URL
[57]	Valdois, S., Peyrin, C., Lassus-Sangosse, D., Lallier, M., Demonet, J. F., & Kandel, S. (2014). Dyslexia in a French-Spanish bilingual girl: Behavioural and neural modulations following a visual attention span intervention. Cortex, 53, 120-145. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.11.006 URL
[58]	World Health Organization. (2011). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems - 10th Revision (4th ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization.
[59]	Wu, S. J., & Spence, I. (2013). Playing shooter and driving videogames improves top-down guidance in visual search. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 75(4), 673-686.
[60]	Zhao, J., Liu, H. L., Li, J. X., Sun, H. X., Liu, Z. H., Gao, J., ... Huang, C. (2019). Improving sentence reading performance in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia by training based on visual attention span. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 18964. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55624-7 URL