面孔识别的自我群体偏向

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.01164

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面孔认知研究表明, 人们识别和再认自己所属群体(如种族、性别、年龄)面孔的成绩显著好于识别其他群体面孔的成绩。近年来围绕面孔识别的这种自我群体偏向进行了实验研究, 研究者提出了知觉经验说和社会认知论两种理论来解释其认知加工机制, 而类别化-个性化模型和双路径模型则是将两种理论分别加以整合提出的新解释。研究者还对面孔识别自我群体偏向的神经机制进行了研究, 探讨了评价者、评价对象和评价任务等因素对自我群体偏向的影响。提升面孔识别自我群体偏向研究的生态效度, 构建整合性理论模型以及加强跨文化和本土研究是未来研究的重要方向。

关键词: 面孔识别, 自我群体偏向, 知觉经验说, 社会认知论, 类别化-个性化模型, 双路径模型

Abstract:

Research about face recognition shows that people are better at recognizing faces of their own groups (e.g. race, sex, and age) compared to faces of other groups. In recent years, researchers have conducted experiments to explore such own-group biases in face recognition. Two competing theoretical explanations for this own-group bias are the Perceptual Expertise Hypothesis and the Social-Cognitive Approach. Researchers proposed two models based on an integration of these two approaches: the Categorization- Individuation Model and Dual-Route Approach, and explored its neural mechanisms, implications for cognitive processing, and sensitivity to factors such as perceivers, targets, and evaluationtasks. Important future directions include improving the ecological validity of the study, putting forward with a comprehensive theoretical model and strengthening cross-cultural comparative studies.

Key words: face recognition, own-group bias, perceptual expertise hypothesis, social-cognitive approach, categorization-individuation model, dual-route approach to other-race effect

中图分类号:

温芳芳, 佐斌, 马书瀚, 谢志杰. (2020). 面孔识别的自我群体偏向. 心理科学进展 , 28(7), 1164-1171.

WEN Fangfang, ZUO Bin, MA Shuhan, XIE Zhijie. (2020). Own-group bias in face recognition. Advances in Psychological Science, 28(7), 1164-1171.

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