你和上司合拍吗?组织中的上下级匹配

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00370

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

上下级匹配, 作为影响领导-下属良性互动的关键因素, 近几年逐渐成为组织管理研究中的前沿话题。上下级匹配是指领导和下属在心理或行为特征方面的契合度, 包括一致性匹配和互补性匹配两种类型, 其测量方式也涉及直接测量与间接测量。从现有文献来看, 研究者主要考察了领导-下属在人格特质、社会认知、心理状态、工作行为和关系因素等方面的匹配效应, 涉及心理过程和互动过程两大中介机制, 个体因素和情境因素两大调节机制。未来研究可以关注传统性、面子意识等本土心理特征的匹配效应, 或者对现有的中介、调节机制进行拓展。

关键词: 上下级匹配, 人与领导匹配, 领导力, 追随力

Abstract:

Leader-follower fit, which plays a crucial role in facilitating a harmonious interaction in leader-follower dyads, has attracted considerable attention in the academic circle recently. Leader-follower fit refers to the compatibility between a leader and a follower that occurs when their characteristics are well matched. Generally, we could measure leader-follower fit using direct measurement approach and indirect measurement approach. To data, the existing research on leader-follower fit mainly focused on five perspectives, such as personality fit, cognition fit, psychological experience fit, work behavior fit, and relational factor fit. Psychological and interactive processes usually capture the mechanism through which leader-follower fit affects work outcomes. Moreover, personal and situational characteristics usually moderate the consequence of leader-follower fit. Future research could examine the consequence of leader-follower congruence in some indigenous psychological characteristics (e.g., traditionality and face consciousness) and explore some novel underlying or contingency mechanisms in the Chinese context.

Key words: leader-follower fit, person-supervisor fit, leadership, followership

中图分类号:

B849
C93

彭坚, 王震, 侯楠. (2019). 你和上司合拍吗?组织中的上下级匹配. 心理科学进展 , 27(2), 370-380.

PENG Jian, WANG Zhen, HOU Nan. (2019). Do leaders and followers see eye to eye? Leader-follower fit in the workplace. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(2), 370-380.

图/表 3

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比较内容	直接测量法	间接测量法
比较内容	直接测量法	差值分析法	多项式回归与响应面分析
测量内容	主观感知的匹配	较为客观、实际的匹配	较为客观、实际的匹配
方法用途	比较匹配与不匹配的情形	比较匹配与不匹配的情形	不仅可以比较匹配与不匹配的情形, 还可以比较两种匹配情形(高-高、低-低)、两种不匹配情形(高-低、低-高)。
结果精准性	很容易出现伪相关	容易出现伪相关	伪相关出现可能性不高

比较内容	直接测量法	间接测量法
比较内容	直接测量法	差值分析法	多项式回归与响应面分析
测量内容	主观感知的匹配	较为客观、实际的匹配	较为客观、实际的匹配
方法用途	比较匹配与不匹配的情形	比较匹配与不匹配的情形	不仅可以比较匹配与不匹配的情形, 还可以比较两种匹配情形(高-高、低-低)、两种不匹配情形(高-低、低-高)。
结果精准性	很容易出现伪相关	容易出现伪相关	伪相关出现可能性不高

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