矛盾视角下调节焦点在领导力领域的应用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.00711

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据调节焦点理论, 个体在追求目标和选择行动策略的过程中存在两种调节焦点：促进型调节焦点的个体以利益最大化为目标, 倾向用“接近式”的方式达成目标; 防御型调节焦点的个体以损失最小化为目标, 倾向用“避免式”的方式达成目标。近年来, 调节焦点理论在领导力领域的研究中得到了广泛应用, 但关于两种调节焦点之间的关系及两者共同作用的研究却十分稀少。在回顾调节焦点在领导力领域研究的应用现状的基础上, 本文指出了矛盾视角的必要性和可行性, 并基于矛盾理论, 提出了未来研究的发展方向。

关键词: 调节焦点, 领导力, 矛盾理论

Abstract:

People generally have two kinds of regulatory focus, i.e., motivational orientations, which are promotion focus and prevention focus. Regulatory focus influences individuals’ choices of goals (promotion focus sensitizes individuals to maximizing gains, whereas prevention focus sensitizes individuals to minimizing losses), and directs their attention toward different action preferences (promotion focus directs individuals’ attentions toward “approach” style, whereas prevention focus directs individuals’ attentions toward “avoidance” style). Regulatory focus theory has been widely applied in the leadership research, but one of the important yet seldom studied questions is the relationship between two regulatory foci and their joint impacts. By integrating the paradox perspective, the current study points out the importance and feasibility to study the “profile” of two regulatory foci and their joint influence.

Key words: regulatory focus, leadership, paradox theory

中图分类号:

B849:C93

张宏宇, 李文, 郎艺. (2019). 矛盾视角下调节焦点在领导力领域的应用. 心理科学进展 , 27(4), 711-725.

ZHANG Hongyu, LI Wen, LANG Yi. (2019). Regulatory focus in leadership research: From the perspective of paradox theory. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(4), 711-725.

图/表 4

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	促进焦点	防御焦点
需求层次	成长和自我实现需要	安全需要
核心关注点	我将得到什么	我将失去什么
期望的目标状态	成长、进步和有所突破	稳定、安全和责任
自我导向	理想自我导向	应该自我导向
结果敏感倾向	“获取” vs. “没有获取”	“失去” vs. “没有失去”
目标导向	最大化“获取”	最大化“没有失去”
担心侧重点	错过	错误
情绪	从高兴到沮丧	从不安到平静

	促进焦点	防御焦点
需求层次	成长和自我实现需要	安全需要
核心关注点	我将得到什么	我将失去什么
期望的目标状态	成长、进步和有所突破	稳定、安全和责任
自我导向	理想自我导向	应该自我导向
结果敏感倾向	“获取” vs. “没有获取”	“失去” vs. “没有失去”
目标导向	最大化“获取”	最大化“没有失去”
担心侧重点	错过	错误
情绪	从高兴到沮丧	从不安到平静

使用量表	文章作者	相关性
工作情境调节焦点量表 (Regulatory Focus at Work Scale; Wallace & Chen, 2006)	Aryee & Hsiung, 2016	0.53^**
	Wallace & Chen, 2006	0.01
工作调节焦点量表 (Work Regulatory Focus Scale; Neubert et al., 2008)	Li et al., 2014	0.05
	Shin, Kim, Choi, & Lee, 2016	0.15
	Ahmadi et al., 2017	0.25^*
	Chen, Wen & Ye, 2017	0.08
	Park, Kim, & Sung, 2017	0.37^**
调节焦点问卷 (Regulatory Focus Questionnaire; Higgins et al., 2001)	Hamstra, Van Yperen et al., 2014	0.08
	Kammerlander, Burger, Fust, & Fueglistaller, 2015	-0.08
一般调节焦点量表 (General Regulatory Focus Scale; Lockwood et al., 2002)	De Jong & De Goede, 2015	0.37
	Gamache et al., 2015	-0.10
	Sacramento, Fay& West, 2013	0.35^**
	Schuh et al., 2016	0.13

使用量表	文章作者	相关性
工作情境调节焦点量表 (Regulatory Focus at Work Scale; Wallace & Chen, 2006)	Aryee & Hsiung, 2016	0.53^**
	Wallace & Chen, 2006	0.01
工作调节焦点量表 (Work Regulatory Focus Scale; Neubert et al., 2008)	Li et al., 2014	0.05
	Shin, Kim, Choi, & Lee, 2016	0.15
	Ahmadi et al., 2017	0.25^*
	Chen, Wen & Ye, 2017	0.08
	Park, Kim, & Sung, 2017	0.37^**
调节焦点问卷 (Regulatory Focus Questionnaire; Higgins et al., 2001)	Hamstra, Van Yperen et al., 2014	0.08
	Kammerlander, Burger, Fust, & Fueglistaller, 2015	-0.08
一般调节焦点量表 (General Regulatory Focus Scale; Lockwood et al., 2002)	De Jong & De Goede, 2015	0.37
	Gamache et al., 2015	-0.10
	Sacramento, Fay& West, 2013	0.35^**
	Schuh et al., 2016	0.13