交叉分类及其对刻板印象的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.01272

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

社会分类(分类)是群体认知和印象评价的依据, 交叉分类作为一种认知过程, 是指在知觉或评价他人时, 同时在两个或多个类别维度上进行社会分类, 形成在多个类别维度上内外群体身份的交叉。研究发现交叉分类既可以降低刻板印象, 也可以增强刻板印象。对此, 类别化视角的解释强调群体身份的作用, 而个体化视角的解释强调多重类别背景下去类别化的作用。现有的研究在如何理解并考察这一影响的不同方向上仍存在分歧, 同时, 也未能认识到刻板印象对于个体认知与认同的意义, 存在明显不足。今后的研究应重点探讨类别化视角的动机与认知过程, 个体化视角的优势类别与加工方式, 以及以自我归类为基础的整合。

关键词: 交叉分类, 刻板印象, 社会认同, 自我归类, 多元类别

Abstract:

During social categorization, a critical cognitive process that serves as the basis for group cognition and impression evaluation, a very specific type of categorization, or Cross-categorization, may arise, in which two or more social categories/dimensions of targets are simultaneously salient for participants, forming intersections of ingroups and outgroups across multiple categories. Research examining whether cross-categorization decreases or increases stereotyping shows conflicting results. Theoretical explanation from a categorization perspective emphasizes the effect of group membership and identification, whereas an individualization perspective highlights a “de-categorization” process in the multiple-category context. The limitations of existing research are the failure to reach an agreement about how to understand and investigate the conflicting results and to recognize the significance of stereotypes for an individual’s cognition and identification process. Future research should focus on the motivations and cognitive processes critical to the categorization perspective, the dominant category and processing styles under the individualized perspective, as well as the potential of a theoretical integration based on self-categorization process.

Key words: cross-categorization, stereotype, social identity, self-categorization, multiple identities

中图分类号:

B849:C91

严磊, 佐斌, 张艳红, 吴漾, 杨林川. (2018). 交叉分类及其对刻板印象的影响. 心理科学进展 , 26(7), 1272-1283.

YAN Lei, ZUO Bin, ZHANG Yanhong, WU Yang, YANG Linchuan. (2018). Cross-categorization and its influence on stereotyping. Advances in Psychological Science, 26(7), 1272-1283.

图/表 2

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女性(I)		男性(O)
年轻人(I)	老年人(O)	年轻人(I)	老年人(O)
年轻女性(II)	老年女性(IO)	年轻男性(OI)	老年男性(OO)

女性(I)		男性(O)
年轻人(I)	老年人(O)	年轻人(I)	老年人(O)
年轻女性(II)	老年女性(IO)	年轻男性(OI)	老年男性(OO)

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