基本心理需要及其满足 *

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.01063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Deci和Ryan在前人基础上提出基本心理需要的概念, 并将人的基本心理需要划分为胜任需要、关系需要和自主需要。基本心理需要来源于自我决定理论(SDT)。目前, 对于基本心理需要的测量主要是采用Gagné编写的一般需要满足量表(GNSS)。基本心理需要的满足主要受到个体所处环境的影响, 且与个体的心理健康有着密切的联系, 基本心理需要受挫则会导致个体的焦虑、压抑。对于基本心理需要的质疑主要集中在需要的内容、各需要之间是否矛盾、需要是否会改变以及需要的普适性四个方面。未来有必要加强对基本心理需要的测量及需要受挫的研究, 同时加强纵向研究, 以及对于基本心理需要满足策略的研究。

关键词: 基本心理需要, 胜任需要, 关系需要, 自主需要

Abstract:

Deci and Ryan proposed the concept of basic psychological needs based on previous studies and conceptualized basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Basic psychological needs originated from the Self-Determination Theory. Currently, measurement of basic psychological needs mainly employs the General Need Satisfaction Scale compiled by Gagné. The satisfaction of basic psychological needs is mainly affected by the surrounding environment, and closely related to the mental health of the individual; the thwarting of basic psychological needs will lead to anxiety and depression. The challenges of basic psychological needs are mainly focused on four aspects: the content of needs, the contradiction between needs, the stability of needs, and the universality of needs. Future research on basic psychological needs should focus on developing the measurement, carrying out in-depth studies on need thwarting, enhancing longitudinal studies, and conducting research on the strategies of meeting basic psychological needs.

Key words: basic psychological need, competence, relatedness, autonomy

中图分类号:

B848

吴才智, 荣硕, 朱芳婷, 谌燕, 郭永玉. (2018). 基本心理需要及其满足 ^*. 心理科学进展 , 26(6), 1063-1073.

WU Cai-Zhi, RONG Shuo, ZHU Fang-Ting, CHEN Yan, GUO Yong-Yu. (2018). Basic psychological need and its satisfaction. Advances in Psychological Science, 26(6), 1063-1073.

图/表 1

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