喜欢悲伤音乐的心理机制 *

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.01004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

悲伤音乐在唤起悲伤情绪的同时也可以唤起愉悦感或带来继发的心理获益。基于此, 研究者们提出了悲伤音乐唤起愉悦感的“解离理论”和“中和理论”, 以阐述人们喜欢悲伤音乐的心理机制。然而现有理论仍不足以提供充分合理的解释, 因此从神经生物学角度探索悲伤音乐唤起愉悦感的神经机制从而揭示现有心理学理论的神经基础是未来研究的方向。

关键词: 悲伤音乐, 情绪, 继发获益, 解离理论, 中和理论

Abstract:

Previous studies have shown that sad music could evoke the aesthetic pleasure or other psychological benefits while inducing sadness. Based on these existing evidence, two major psychological theories have been proposed: one is the " dissociation theory ", the other is the" neutralization theory ". Both theories have been used to elaborate how sad music becomes pleasurable. However, neither can provide a comprehensive and reasonable explanation. Therefore, further exploration of the specific reward processing of sad music is of great significance. Future research need to clarify the neural basis of the existing psychological theories from the neurobiological perspectives.

Key words: sad music, emotion, secondary gain, dissociation theory, neutralization theory

中图分类号:

B842

王丁, 王超, 李红. (2018). 喜欢悲伤音乐的心理机制 ^*. 心理科学进展 , 26(6), 1004-1011.

WANG Ding, WANG Chao, LI Hong. (2018). The psychological mechanism of enjoying sad music. Advances in Psychological Science, 26(6), 1004-1011.

参考文献 72

[1]	白学军, 马谐, 陶云 . ( 2016). 中-西方音乐对情绪的诱发效应. 心理学报, 48( 7), 757-769. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2016.00757 URL
[2]	蔡岳建, 潘孝富, 庄钟春晓 . ( 2007). 音乐的速度与调式对大学生情绪影响的实证研究. 心理科学, 30( 1), 196-198.
[3]	马谐, 白学军, 陶云 . ( 2013). 音乐与情绪诱发的机制模型. 心理科学进展, 21( 4), 643-652.
[4]	Blood, A. J., & Zatorre, R. J . ( 2001). Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98( 20), 11818-11823. doi: 10.1073/pnas.191355898 URL pmid: 11573015
[5]	Bogert B., Numminen-Kontti T., Gold B., Sams M., Numminen J., Burunat I., .. Brattico E . ( 2016). Hidden sources of joy, fear, and sadness: Explicit versus implicit neural processing of musical emotions. Neuropsychologia, 89, 393-402. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.005 URL pmid: 27394152
[6]	Brattico E., Alluri V., Bogert B., Jacobsen T., Vartiainen N., Nieminen S. K., & Tervaniemi M . ( 2011). A functional MRI study of happy and sad emotions in music with and without lyrics. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 308. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00308 URL pmid: 3227856
[7]	Brattico E., Bogert B., Alluri V., Tervaniemi M., Eerola T., & Jacobsen T . ( 2015). It's sad but I like it: The neural dissociation between musical emotions and liking in experts and laypersons. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 676. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00676 URL pmid: 4701928
[8]	Brattico, E., & Pearce, M. (2013). The neuroaesthetics of music. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, & the Arts, 7( 1), 48-61. doi: 10.1037/a0031624 URL
[9]	Brown S., Martinez M. J., & Parsons L. M . ( 2004). Passive music listening spontaneously engages limbic and paralimbic systems. NeuroReport, 15( 13), 2033-2037. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200409150-00008 URL pmid: 15486477
[10]	Chamorro-Premuzic T., Fagan P., & Furnham A . ( 2010). Personality and uses of music as predictors of preferences for music consensually classified as happy, sad, complex, and social. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 4( 4), 205-213. doi: 10.1037/a0019210 URL
[11]	Eerola, T., & Peltola, H. R . ( 2016). Memorable experiences with sad music—reasons, reactions and mechanisms of three types of experiences. PLoS One, 11( 6), e157444. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157444 URL pmid: 27300268
[12]	Eerola T., Peltola H. R., & Vuoskoski J. K . ( 2015). Attitudes toward sad music are related to both preferential and contextual strategies. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, & Brain, 25( 2), 116-123. doi: 10.1037/pmu0000096 URL
[13]	Eerola, T., & Vuoskoski, J. K . ( 2011). A comparison of the discrete and dimensional models of emotion in music. Psychology of Music, 39( 1), 18-49. doi: 10.1177/0305735610362821 URL
[14]	Eerola T., Vuoskoski J. K., & Kautiainen H . ( 2016). Being moved by unfamiliar sad music is associated with high empathy. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1176. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01176 URL pmid: 27695424
[15]	Fritz T., Jentschke S., Gosselin N., Sammler D., Peretz I., Turner R., .. Koelsch S . ( 2009). Universal recognition of three basic emotions in music. Current Biology, 19( 7), 573-576.
[16]	Gagnon, L., & Peretz, I. (2003). Mode and tempo relative contributions to “happy-sad” judgements in equitone melodies. Cognition & Emotion, 17( 1), 25-40. doi: 10.1080/02699930302279 URL
[17]	Garrido, S., & Schubert, E. (2011). Individual differences in the enjoyment of negative emotion in music: A literature review and experiment. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 28( 3), 279-296. doi: 10.1525/mp.2011.28.3.279 URL
[18]	Garrido, S., & Schubert, E. (2013). Adaptive and maladaptive attraction to negative emotions in music. Musicae Scientiae, 17( 2), 147-166. doi: 10.1177/1029864913478305 URL
[19]	Garrido, S., & Schubert, E. (2015 a). Moody melodies: Do they cheer us up? A study of the effect of sad music on mood. Psychology of Music, 43( 2), 244-261. doi: 10.1177/0305735613501938 URL
[20]	Garrido, S., & Schubert, E. (2015 b). Music and people with tendencies to depression. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 32( 4), 313-321. doi: 10.1525/mp.2015.32.4.313 URL
[21]	Gosselin, N. (2006). Emotional responses to unpleasant music correlates with damage to the parahippocampal cortex. Brain, 129( 10), 2585-2592. doi: 10.1093/brain/awl240 URL pmid: 16959817
[22]	Green A. C., Bærentsen K. B., Stødkilde-Jørgensen H., Wallentin M., Roepstorff A., & Vuust P . ( 2008). Music in minor activates limbic structures: A relationship with dissonance? NeuroReport, 19( 7), 711-715. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282fd0dd8 URL pmid: 18418244
[23]	Hogue J. D., Crimmins A. M., & Kahn J. H . ( 2016). "So sad and slow, so why can't I turn off the radio": The effects of gender, depression, and absorption on liking music that induces sadness and music that induces happiness. Psychology of Music, 44( 4), 816-829. doi: 10.1177/0305735615594489 URL
[24]	Hunter P. G., Schellenberg E. G., & Griffith A. T . ( 2011). Misery loves company: Mood-congruent emotional responding to music. Emotion, 11( 5), 1068-1072. doi: 10.1037/a0023749 URL pmid: 21639629
[25]	Hunter P. G., Schellenberg E. G., & Schimmack U . ( 2010). Feelings and perceptions of happiness and sadness induced by music: Similarities, differences, and mixed emotions. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 4( 1), 47-56. doi: 10.1037/a0016873 URL
[26]	Huron, D. (2011). Why is sad music pleasurable? A possible role for prolactin. Musicae Scientiae, 15( 2), 146-158. doi: 10.1177/1029864911401171 URL
[27]	Juslin, P. N . ( 2013). From everyday emotions to aesthetic emotions: Towards a unified theory of musical emotions. Physics of Life Reviews, 10( 3), 235-266. doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2013.05.008 URL pmid: 23769678
[28]	Juslin, P. N., & Laukka, P. (2004). Expression, perception, and induction of musical emotions: A review and a questionnaire study of everyday listening. Journal of New Music Research, 33( 3), 217-238. doi: 10.1080/0929821042000317813 URL
[29]	Juslin, P. N., & Västfjäll, D. (2008). Emotional responses to music: The need to consider underlying mechanisms. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31( 5), 559-575. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X08006079 URL pmid: 18826699
[30]	Kawakami A., Furukawa K., Katahira K., & Okanoya K . ( 2013). Sad music induces pleasant emotion. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 311. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00311 URL pmid: 23785342
[31]	Kawakami, A., & Katahira, K. (2015). Influence of trait empathy on the emotion evoked by sad music and on the preference for it. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1541. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01541 URL
[32]	Khalfa S., Schon D., Anton J. L., & Liegeois-Chauvel C . ( 2005). Brain regions involved in the recognition of happiness and sadness in music. NeuroReport, 16( 18), 1981-1984. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200512190-00002 URL pmid: 16317338
[33]	Kivy, P. ( 1991). Music alone: Philosophical reflections on the purely musical experience. New York: Cornell University Press.
[34]	Koelsch, S. (2014). Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15( 3), 170-180. doi: 10.1038/nrn3666 URL pmid: 24552785
[35]	Koelsch S., Fritz T., Cramon D. Y. V., Müller K., & Friederici A. D . ( 2006). Investigating emotion with music: An fMRI study. Human Brain Mapping, 27( 3), 239-250. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20180 URL pmid: 16078183
[36]	Konečni, V. J . ( 2005). The aesthetic trinity: Awe, being moved, thrills. Bulletin of Psychology and the Arts, 5, 27-44.
[37]	Ladinig, O., & Schellenberg, E. G . ( 2012). Liking unfamiliar music: Effects of felt emotion and individual differences. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 6( 2), 146-154. doi: 10.1037/a0024671 URL
[38]	Lee C. J., Andrade E. B., & Palmer S. E . ( 2013). Interpersonal relationships and preferences for mood- congruency in aesthetic experiences. Journal of Consumer Research, 40( 2), 382-391. doi: 10.1086/670609 URL
[39]	Levinson, J. (1997). Music and negative emotion. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 63( 4), 327-346.
[40]	Mallik A., Chanda M. L., & Levitin D. J . ( 2017). Anhedonia to music and mu-opioids: Evidence from the administration of naltrexone. Scientific Reports, 7, 41952. doi: 10.1038/srep41952 URL pmid: 28176798
[41]	Martínez-Molina N., Mas-Herrero E., Rodríguez-Fornells A., Zatorre R. J., & Marco-Pallarés J . ( 2016). Neural correlates of specific musical anhedonia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113( 46), E7337-E7345. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1611211113 URL pmid: 27799544
[42]	Menninghaus W., Wagner V., Hanich J., Wassiliwizky E., Kuehnast M., & Jacobsen T . ( 2015). Towards a psychological construct of being moved. PLoS One, 10( 6), e0128451. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128451 URL pmid: 26042816
[43]	Menninghaus W., Wagner V., Hanich J., Wassiliwizky E., Jacobsen T., & Koelsch S . ( 2017). The Distancing- Embracing model of the enjoyment of negative emotions in art reception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40, e347. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X17000309 URL pmid: 28215214
[44]	Menon, V., & Levitin, D. J . ( 2005). The rewards of music listening: Response and physiological connectivity of the mesolimbic system. NeuroImage, 28( 1), 175-184. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.053 URL pmid: 16023376
[45]	Mitterschiffthaler M. T., Fu C. H. Y., Dalton J. A., Andrew C. M., & Williams, S. C. R. (2007). A functional MRI study of happy and sad affective states induced by classical music. Human Brain Mapping, 28( 11), 1150-1162. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20337 URL pmid: 17290372
[46]	Mori, K., & Iwanaga, M. (2014). Pleasure generated by sadness: Effect of sad lyrics on the emotions induced by happy music. Psychology of Music, 42( 5), 643-652. doi: 10.1177/0305735613483667 URL
[47]	Mori, K., & Iwanaga, M. (2017). Two types of peak emotional responses to music: The psychophysiology of chills and tears. Scientific Reports, 7, 46063. doi: 10.1038/srep46063 URL pmid: 5384201
[48]	Panksepp, J. (1995). The emotional sources of “chills” induced by music. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 13( 2), 171-207. doi: 10.2307/40285693 URL
[49]	Peltola, H. R., & Eerola, T. (2016). Fifty shades of blue: Classification of music-evoked sadness. Musicae Scientiae, 20( 1), 84-102. doi: 10.1177/1029864915611206 URL
[50]	Sachs M. E., Damasio A., & Habibi A . ( 2015). The pleasures of sad music: A systematic review. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 404. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00404 URL pmid: 4513245
[51]	Salimpoor V. N., Benovoy M., Larcher K., Dagher A., & Zatorre R. J . ( 2011). Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music. Nature Neuroscience, 14( 2), 257-262. doi: 10.1038/nn.2726 URL pmid: 21217764
[52]	Salimpoor V. N., van den Bosch I., Kovacevic N., McIntosh A. R., Dagher A., & Zatorre R. J . ( 2013). Interactions between the nucleus accumbens and auditory cortices predict music reward value. Science, 340( 6129), 216-219. doi: 10.1126/science.1231059 URL
[53]	Salimpoor V. N., Zald D. H., Zatorre R. J., Dagher A., & Mcintosh A. R . ( 2015). Predictions and the brain: How musical sounds become rewarding. T`rends in Cognitive Sciences, 19( 2), 86-91. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.12.001 URL pmid: 25534332
[54]	Scherer, K. R . ( 2004). Which emotions can be induced by music? What are the underlying mechanisms? And how can we measure them? Journal of New Music Research, 33( 3), 239-251. doi: 10.1080/0929821042000317822 URL
[55]	Scherer, K. R . ( 2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Social Science Information, 44( 4), 695-729. doi: 10.1177/0539018405058216 URL
[56]	Schubert, E. (1996). Enjoyment of negative emotions in music: An associative network explanation. Psychology of Music, 24( 1), 18-28. doi: 10.1177/0305735696241003 URL
[57]	Schubert, E. (2013). Loved music can make a listener feel negative emotions. Musicae Scientiae, 17( 1), 11-26. doi: 10.1177/1029864912461321 URL
[58]	Schubert, E. (2016). Enjoying sad music: Paradox or parallel processes? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 312. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00312 URL pmid: 4920107
[59]	Suzuki M., Okamura N., Kawachi Y., Tashiro M., Arao H., Hoshishiba T., … Yanai K . ( 2008). Discrete cortical regions associated with the musical beauty of major and minor chords. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 8( 2), 126-131. doi: 10.3758/CABN.8.2.126 URL pmid: 18589503
[60]	Taruffi, L., & Koelsch, S. (2014). The paradox of music- evoked sadness: An online survey. PLoS One, 9( 10), e110490. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110490 URL pmid: 4203803
[61]	Trost W., Ethofer T., Zentner M., & Vuilleumier P . ( 2012). Mapping aesthetic musical emotions in the brain. Cerebral Cortex, 22( 12), 2769-2783. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr353 URL pmid: 22178712
[62]	van den Tol, A. J. M . ( 2016). The appeal of sad music: A brief overview of current directions in research on motivations for listening to sad music. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 49, 44-49. doi: 10.1016/j.aip.2016.05.008 URL
[63]	van den Tol, A. J. M., & Edwards, J. (2013). Exploring a rationale for choosing to listen to sad music when feeling sad. Psychology of Music, 41( 4), 440-465. doi: 10.1177/0305735611430433 URL
[64]	van den Tol, A. J. M., & Edwards, J. (2015). Listening to sad music in adverse situations: How music selection strategies relate to self-regulatory goals, listening effects, and mood enhancement. Psychology of Music, 43( 4), 473-494. doi: 10.1177/0305735613517410 URL
[65]	van den Tol, A. J. M., Edwards J., & Heflick N. A . ( 2016). Sad music as a means for acceptance-based coping. Musicae Scientiae, 20( 1), 68-83. doi: 10.1177/1029864915627844 URL
[66]	Vuoskoski, J. K., & Eerola, T. (2012). Can sad music really make you sad? Indirect measures of affective states induced by music and autobiographical memories. Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity & the Arts, 6( 3), 204-213. doi: 10.1037/a0026937 URL
[67]	Vuoskoski, J. K., & Eerola, T. (2017). The pleasure evoked by sad music is mediated by feelings of being moved. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 439. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00439 URL pmid: 5481360
[68]	Vuoskoski J. K., Thompson W. F., McIlwain D., & Eerola T . ( 2012). Who enjoys listening to sad music and why? Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 29( 3), 311-317. doi: 10.1525/mp.2012.29.3.311 URL
[69]	Wassiliwizky E., Jacobsen T., Heinrich J., Schneiderbauer M., & Menninghaus W . ( 2017). Tears falling on goosebumps: Co-occurrence of emotional lacrimation and emotional piloerection indicates a psychophysiological climax in emotional arousal. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 41. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00041 URL pmid: 28223946
[70]	Weth K., Raab M. H., & Carbon C. C . ( 2015). Investigating emotional responses to self-selected sad music via self- report and automated facial analysis. Musicae Scientiae, 19( 4), 412-432. doi: 10.1177/1029864915606796 URL
[71]	Zatorre, R. J., & Salimpoor, V. N . ( 2013). From perception to pleasure: Music and its neural substrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110( Supplement 2), 10430-10437. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1301228110 URL pmid: 23754373
[72]	Zentner M., Grandjean D., & Scherer K. R . ( 2008). Emotions evoked by the sound of music: Characterization, classification, and measurement. Emotion, 8( 4), 494-521. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.8.4.494 URL pmid: 18729581

喜欢悲伤音乐的心理机制 ^*

The psychological mechanism of enjoying sad music

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献 72

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	叶舒琪, 尹俊婷, 李招贤, 罗俊龙. 情绪对直觉与分析加工的影响机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2023, 31(5): 736-746.
[2]	郭理, 加锁锁, 李圭泉, 李蔓林. 高处不胜寒?领导工作场所孤独感的多层次双刃剑效应[J]. 心理科学进展, 2023, 31(4): 582-596.
[3]	杨智超, 王艇. 消费决策中的零：零价格效应和零比较效应[J]. 心理科学进展, 2023, 31(3): 492-506.
[4]	马原啸, 陈旭. 焦虑易感群体焦虑识别与消退中催产素的作用[J]. 心理科学进展, 2023, 31(1): 10-19.
[5]	肖婷炜, 董洁, 梁飞, 王福顺, 李洋. 厌恶情绪与自杀行为的关系[J]. 心理科学进展, 2023, 31(1): 87-98.
[6]	寇东晓, 王晓玉. 权力对人际敏感性的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2023, 31(1): 108-115.
[7]	邹迪, 李红, 王福顺. 唤醒定义探析及其认知神经生理基础[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(9): 2020-2033.
[8]	刘薇, 沈晓玲. 团队行动中反思与团队创新关系研究的动态视角——认知与情绪的双元路径[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(8): 1759-1769.
[9]	梁飞, 江瑶, 肖婷炜, 董洁, 王福顺. 基本情绪的神经基础：来自fMRI与机器视觉技术研究的证据[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(8): 1832-1843.
[10]	杨倩. 负性情绪在冲突适应中的作用机制：分离与整合视角[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(8): 1844-1855.
[11]	刘春晓, 刘立志, 王丹, 陈文锋. 集体仪式促进群体情绪感染的机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(8): 1870-1882.
[12]	王燕青, 龚少英, 姜甜甜, 吴亚男. 情感代理能否提高多媒体学习的效果?[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(7): 1524-1535.
[13]	武晓菲, 肖风, 罗劲. 创造性认知重评在情绪调节中的迁移效应及其神经基础[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(3): 477-485.
[14]	刘俊材, 冉光明, 张琪. 不同情绪载体的神经活动及其异同——脑成像研究的ALE元分析[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(3): 536-555.
[15]	姚海娟, 王琦, 李兆卿. 情绪调节中的认知重评创造力[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(3): 601-612.