系统合理化何以形成——三种不同的解释视角

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.02238

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统合理化理论认为, 人们会自然地将其所在的社会系统感知为公平合理的, 这一倾向即系统合理化。而系统合理化形成之原因, 一直是该领域理论和研究关注的重点。为此, 研究者先后提出了三种解释思路。认知失调视角认为, 系统合理化之所以产生是因为个体想要缓解因系统无法满足他们的需求而产生的焦虑。补偿性控制视角认为, 系统合理化源于个体自身控制感的缺乏。社会认知视角则认为人们固有的认知倾向特别是对于社会经济差异的内归因倾向是造成系统合理化的根源。未来可以考虑在同一个研究中包含来自于不同理论视角的解释变量, 借鉴相近领域的发现探索其他可能存在的系统合理化的形成机制, 探究中国文化特有的系统合理化的来源, 同时对积极的合理化与消极的合理化作出区分, 并在此基础上针对社会现实问题加强应用研究的开展。

关键词: 系统合理化, 认知失调, 补偿性控制, 社会认知

Abstract:

System justification theory proposes that people have the natural tendency to see the current sociopolitical systems as fair and legitimate, which is called system justification. But what are the roots of system justification? Researchers have provided explanations from three distinct perspectives. The cognitive dissonance perspective posits that the tendency to justify the current system exists because people want to alleviate those bad feelings which often arise when they feel the system cannot meet their need. The second perspective is compensatory control, which argues that system justification is derived from a sense of lacking control. By a system-legitimating process one can find a sense of order to cope with the threat of personal control. The third perspective is social cognitive process, which proposes that people express a salient and inherent attributional tendency when explaining socioeconomic disparities. It is the attributional style that serves as a main source of system justification. The future study should include explanatory variables from different theoretical perspectives in one study, draw on the findings of similar fields to explore other possible mechanisms, seek sources of system justification peculiar to Chinese culture, and explore the application issues based on distinguishing positive and negative system justification.

Key words: system justification, cognitive dissonance, compensatory control, social cognition

中图分类号:

B849: C91

杨沈龙, 郭永玉, 喻丰, 饶婷婷, 赵靓, 许丽颖. (2018). 系统合理化何以形成——三种不同的解释视角. 心理科学进展 , 26(12), 2238-2248.

YANG Shenlong, GUO Yongyu, YU Feng, RAO Tingting, ZHAO Liang, XU Liying. (2018). Three explanatory perspectives on the root of system justification. Advances in Psychological Science, 26(12), 2238-2248.

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