第三方组织公平：研究视角、内容与设计

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.02216

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

第三方组织公平是第三方在了解组织不当行为后, 通过责任归因过程形成的组织公平感知, 这为理解组织公平提供了全新的视角。文章在梳理和评价已有研究成果基础上归纳第三方组织公平的前因后果和作用机制, 总结理论研究进展, 提出未来研究的分析框架和重点方向。未来研究应该基于社会互动理论和趋近规避理论进一步探讨第三方组织公平的形成机制和作用机制以及开展跨文化比较研究。

关键词: 组织公平, 第三方组织公平, 第三方反应, 双过程加工理论, 社会互动

Abstract:

The third-party perspective of organizational justice refers to the perceived organizational justice that was formed by the responsibility attribution process after a third party witnessing or hearing the organizational mistreatments, which provides a new perspective to understand organizational justice. After analyzing and making comments on existing research outcomes, this article summarizes the cause and effects, mechanism of action, as well as the progress of theological researches. And it provides a general framework and directions for the future research. Based on the social interaction theory and approach- avoidance theory, the study can be furthered in the future, so as to discuss the mechanism for the formation of the third-party perspective of organizational justice and to develop intercultural comparative study.

Key words: organizational justice, the third-party perspective of organizational justice, third parties' reaction, dual-processing theory, social interaction

中图分类号:

B849: C93

赵书松, 张一杰, 赵君. (2018). 第三方组织公平：研究视角、内容与设计. 心理科学进展 , 26(12), 2216-2229.

ZHAO Shusong, ZHANG Yijie, ZHAO Jun. (2018). The third-party perspective of organizational justice: Research perspective, content and design. Advances in Psychological Science, 26(12), 2216-2229.

图/表 4

参考文献 72

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理论视角		代表性理论	核心观点
自利视角	工具视角	公平理论, 社会交换理论, 程序公平工具模型	第三方追求公平的目的是使自我经济利益最大化
自利视角	关系视角	关系模型	第三方追求公平是为了获取良好的人际关系和社会地位
道德视角		道义模型	第三方追求公平是基于责任、义务和道德
演化视角		公平偏好理论, 强互惠理论	第三方追求公平源自进化过程中所形成的公平偏好

理论视角		代表性理论	核心观点
自利视角	工具视角	公平理论, 社会交换理论, 程序公平工具模型	第三方追求公平的目的是使自我经济利益最大化
自利视角	关系视角	关系模型	第三方追求公平是为了获取良好的人际关系和社会地位
道德视角		道义模型	第三方追求公平是基于责任、义务和道德
演化视角		公平偏好理论, 强互惠理论	第三方追求公平源自进化过程中所形成的公平偏好

因素类型		组成因素	作用关系
事件因素		后果的严重性(Folger & Cropanzano, 2001) 违反道德的程度(Folger & Cropanzano, 2001; Folger, 2001) 人际不公平(O’Reilly et al., 2016)	负向负向负向
个体因素	侵害方因素	有意侵害的行为意图(Umphress et al., 2013) 违规历史(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004; Skarlicki et al., 2015) 良好的声誉(Darby & Schlenker, 1989) 懊悔和自责情绪(Darby & Schlenker, 1989) 喜悦情绪(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004) 事后致歉(Darby & Schlenker, 1989; CuguerÓ-Escofet et al., 2014) 对违规行为的解释(CuguerÓ-Escofet et al., 2014)	负向负向正向正向负向正向正向
	受害方因素	组织承诺(Topa et al., 2013) 工作绩效(Niehoff et al., 1998; Topa et al., 2013) 不公平感知(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004; Umphress et al., 2013) 愤怒情绪(方学梅, 2009) 羞愧情绪(方学梅, 2009) 有意违规的行为意图(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004; Li et al., in press) 申诉行为(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004)	负向负向负向负向正向正向负向
	第三方个体因素	自恋型人格(Schwartz, 1975) 负面情绪(Watson & Clark, 1984) 权力距离(Skarlicki et al., 2015) 道德认同(Skarlicki & Rupp, 2010; O’Reilly & Aquino, 2011; Mitchell et al., 2015; O’Reilly et al., 2016) 公正敏感性(Lotz et al., 2011a; 李哲, 2016) 公平世界信念(Zhu et al, 2012) 直觉主导的信息处理框架(Skarlicki & Rupp, 2010; 刘燕君等, 2016) 组织认同(Topa et al., 2013)	正向负向正向负向负向负向正向负向
	其他第三方因素	愤怒情绪(De Cremer et al., 2008; 李哲, 2016) 不公平感知(Skarlicki et al., 2015; Li et al., in press)	负向负向
人际关系因素	第三方与受害方的关系因素	同样的不公平遭遇(Lind et al., 1998; Kray & Lind, 2002) 特征相似性(Gordijn et al., 2001, 2006) 社会情绪一致性(Blader et al., 2013) 利益竞争关系(Porath & Erez, 2009; Li et al., in press) 对受害方群体的社会认同(Gordijn et al., 2001, 2006; 李哲, 2016)	负向负向负向正向负向
人际关系因素	第三方与侵害方的关系因素	对侵害方群体的社会认同(Gordijn et al., 2001, 2006) 此前受到侵害方侵害的遭遇(Kray & Lind, 2002) 社会距离(徐杰等, 2017)	正向负向正向
组织情境因素		公平的组织气候(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004; Zhu et al., 2012; Topa et al., 2013)	正向

因素类型		组成因素	作用关系
事件因素		后果的严重性(Folger & Cropanzano, 2001) 违反道德的程度(Folger & Cropanzano, 2001; Folger, 2001) 人际不公平(O’Reilly et al., 2016)	负向负向负向
个体因素	侵害方因素	有意侵害的行为意图(Umphress et al., 2013) 违规历史(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004; Skarlicki et al., 2015) 良好的声誉(Darby & Schlenker, 1989) 懊悔和自责情绪(Darby & Schlenker, 1989) 喜悦情绪(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004) 事后致歉(Darby & Schlenker, 1989; CuguerÓ-Escofet et al., 2014) 对违规行为的解释(CuguerÓ-Escofet et al., 2014)	负向负向正向正向负向正向正向
	受害方因素	组织承诺(Topa et al., 2013) 工作绩效(Niehoff et al., 1998; Topa et al., 2013) 不公平感知(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004; Umphress et al., 2013) 愤怒情绪(方学梅, 2009) 羞愧情绪(方学梅, 2009) 有意违规的行为意图(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004; Li et al., in press) 申诉行为(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004)	负向负向负向负向正向正向负向
	第三方个体因素	自恋型人格(Schwartz, 1975) 负面情绪(Watson & Clark, 1984) 权力距离(Skarlicki et al., 2015) 道德认同(Skarlicki & Rupp, 2010; O’Reilly & Aquino, 2011; Mitchell et al., 2015; O’Reilly et al., 2016) 公正敏感性(Lotz et al., 2011a; 李哲, 2016) 公平世界信念(Zhu et al, 2012) 直觉主导的信息处理框架(Skarlicki & Rupp, 2010; 刘燕君等, 2016) 组织认同(Topa et al., 2013)	正向负向正向负向负向负向正向负向
	其他第三方因素	愤怒情绪(De Cremer et al., 2008; 李哲, 2016) 不公平感知(Skarlicki et al., 2015; Li et al., in press)	负向负向
人际关系因素	第三方与受害方的关系因素	同样的不公平遭遇(Lind et al., 1998; Kray & Lind, 2002) 特征相似性(Gordijn et al., 2001, 2006) 社会情绪一致性(Blader et al., 2013) 利益竞争关系(Porath & Erez, 2009; Li et al., in press) 对受害方群体的社会认同(Gordijn et al., 2001, 2006; 李哲, 2016)	负向负向负向正向负向
人际关系因素	第三方与侵害方的关系因素	对侵害方群体的社会认同(Gordijn et al., 2001, 2006) 此前受到侵害方侵害的遭遇(Kray & Lind, 2002) 社会距离(徐杰等, 2017)	正向负向正向
组织情境因素		公平的组织气候(Skarlicki & Kulik, 2004; Zhu et al., 2012; Topa et al., 2013)	正向

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