脑间同步性的产生机制及其功能

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2025.0439

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过同时记录社会互动中多名个体的脑信号, 超扫描研究普遍观测到个体间脑活动信号的同步性(inter-brain synchronization, IBS)。通过共同表征和相互预测机制, 个体间相似的感觉输入、运动输出和注意唤醒等间接因素以及个体间信息传递活动会驱动IBS的产生。其中, 镜像神经元系统、心智系统和相互注意−脑间同步−奖赏环路发挥了重要作用。IBS的强弱受互动类型与强度、任务情境、人际关系、个体特征与状态的调节。IBS可能在人际动作协调、语言交流和建立社会联结方面具有功能性意义。后续研究可深入探究“共同表征”与“相互预测”机制的关系、人际“去同步”、跨脑可塑性和不同交互形式的异同等问题。

关键词: 人际互动, 脑间同步性, 共同表征, 预测编码

Abstract:

By simultaneously recording brain signals from multiple individuals during interpersonal communication, inter-brain synchronization (IBS) have been consistently observed in hyperscanning studies. Through co-representation and mutual prediction mechanisms, indirect factors such as similar sensory inputs, motor outputs, and attentional arousal between individuals, as well as inter-individual information transfer activities, drive IBS. It's worth noting that the mirror neuron system, the mentalizing system, and the mutual attention, synchronization, and reward loop play important roles. The strength of IBS is modulated by the interaction type and intensity, task context, interpersonal relationships, and individual characteristics and states. IBS may have functional significance in interpersonal movement coordination, verbal communication and the establishment of social bonds. Further research can explore the relationship between “co-representation” and “mutual prediction” mechanisms, interpersonal “de-synchronization”, cross-brain plasticity, and the comparison of different forms of interaction.

Key words: interpersonal interaction, inter-brain synchronization, co-representation, predictive coding

中图分类号:

B845

术鑫迪, 刘菡茵, 王瑾, 刘志远, 刘兰芳. (2025). 脑间同步性的产生机制及其功能. 心理科学进展 , 33(3), 439-451.

SHU Xindi, LIU Hanyin, WANG Jin, LIU Zhiyuan, LIU Lanfang. (2025). The mechanisms and functions of inter-brain synchronization. Advances in Psychological Science, 33(3), 439-451.

图/表 2

图1 近年来超扫描研究发展现状。数据来自以下数据库：Web of Science, pubmed, PsyeINFO, PsycARTICLES, PsyCARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, ProQuest; 搜索使用的关键词包括：inter-brain coupling, inter-brain coherence, inter-brain connectivity, inter-brain correlation, inter-brain synchronization, interpersonal brain synchronization, hyperscanning; 文章总数量为744篇。

表1 IBS的影响因素

因素类型	具体变量
互动类型与强度	类型：语言交流、非语言交流、肢体动作; 强度：低、中、高
任务情境	合作、竞争、独立、任务收益
人际关系	依恋关系、群组身份、文化背景
个体特质与状态	性别、年龄、人格、共情、注意、情绪、动机

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