心理科学进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 163-175.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2025.0163
收稿日期:
2024-04-10
出版日期:
2025-01-15
发布日期:
2024-10-28
通讯作者:
蒋奖, E-mail: jjiang@bnu.edu.cn基金资助:
ZHANG Yue1, DONG Yijia2, JIANG Jiang3()
Received:
2024-04-10
Online:
2025-01-15
Published:
2024-10-28
摘要:
已有研究开发了大量的亲环境行为测量工具, 涉及量表、个体行为范式和群体博弈范式, 其中大多数测量工具是基于行为领域设计, 节约、出行、垃圾处理、消费和公域行为是5个最常被提及的领域。现有依据行为领域的亲环境行为测量方式存在标准化程度低及测量结果推广性受限的问题, 这主要是由于缺少对行为属性这一行为决定性特征的关注。未来研究应基于行为属性选用和开发标准化测量工具, 并选取多种真实行为作为效标进行效度检验。
中图分类号:
张玥, 董艺佳, 蒋奖. (2025). 从领域到属性:亲环境行为测量的问题及建议. 心理科学进展 , 33(1), 163-175.
ZHANG Yue, DONG Yijia, JIANG Jiang. (2025). From behavior domain to behavior attribute: Issues and suggestions in measuring pro-environmental behavior. Advances in Psychological Science, 33(1), 163-175.
源文献 | 维度 | 总题数 | 特点 |
---|---|---|---|
Kaiser, Kaiser & Wilson, | 六维:节约、交通出行、避免浪费、消费、回收、间接社会行为 | 50题 | 信效度经过多种文化样本验证。 |
Stern et al., | 三维:消费行为、牺牲意愿、环境公民身份 | 17题 | 牺牲意愿维度(3题)是ISSP环境部分固定题目。 |
Hunter et al., | 两维:私域、公域 | 6题 | 题目较少, 常被用于实验研究和大型调查。 |
Barr et al., | 三维:购买决策、习惯、回收 | 36题 | 聚焦能源使用相关的亲环境行为。 |
Whitmarsh & O’Neill, | 七维:垃圾减量、亲环境消费和饮食、日常水资源和家庭能源节约、一次性家庭能源节约措施、绿色驾驶、政治行动、减少汽车使用和乘坐飞机频率 | 24题 | 涵盖行为范围较全面, 分类细致。 |
Larson et al., | 四维:节约型生活方式、土地管理、社会环保主义、环境公民身份 | 13题 | 涵盖居住地亲环境行为。 |
表1 亲环境行为常用量表
源文献 | 维度 | 总题数 | 特点 |
---|---|---|---|
Kaiser, Kaiser & Wilson, | 六维:节约、交通出行、避免浪费、消费、回收、间接社会行为 | 50题 | 信效度经过多种文化样本验证。 |
Stern et al., | 三维:消费行为、牺牲意愿、环境公民身份 | 17题 | 牺牲意愿维度(3题)是ISSP环境部分固定题目。 |
Hunter et al., | 两维:私域、公域 | 6题 | 题目较少, 常被用于实验研究和大型调查。 |
Barr et al., | 三维:购买决策、习惯、回收 | 36题 | 聚焦能源使用相关的亲环境行为。 |
Whitmarsh & O’Neill, | 七维:垃圾减量、亲环境消费和饮食、日常水资源和家庭能源节约、一次性家庭能源节约措施、绿色驾驶、政治行动、减少汽车使用和乘坐飞机频率 | 24题 | 涵盖行为范围较全面, 分类细致。 |
Larson et al., | 四维:节约型生活方式、土地管理、社会环保主义、环境公民身份 | 13题 | 涵盖居住地亲环境行为。 |
领域 | 现场实验 行为指标 | 实验室范式 设计核心 | 实验室 环境行为成本 | 实验室范式 代表文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
资源节约 | (1)节水:用水行为/用水量 | 设置需要用水的任务(如洗手、刷牙、洗毛巾), 考察用水量, 需掩蔽实验目的(如产品测评等) | 无 | Geng et al., |
付出经济成本 | Zhang, Jiang et al., | |||
(2)节电:用电行为/用电量 | 是否关闭不使用的电器(如离开实验室时关灯或关闭电脑) | 无 | Bator et al., | |
(3)综合:重复使用酒店毛巾 | / | / | / | |
绿色出行 | (1)出行工具选择 | 选择绿色出行方式需等待更长时间, 但可获得更高环境利益 | 付出时间成本 | Lange et al., |
(2)驾驶行为 | / | / | / | |
垃圾处理 | (1)分类投放 | 观测被试对单个一次性实验用具的处理 | 无 | 傅鑫媛 等, |
观测被试对多个一次性实验用具的分类投放 | 付出时间成本 | Huffman et al., | ||
(2)垃圾减量 | / | |||
绿色消费 | (1)绿色产品销量 | 同类产品中是否选择绿色商品而非普通商品 | 无 | Taube & Vetter, |
付出经济成本 | 王财玉, | |||
(2)一次性产品销量 | / | / | / | |
公域行为 | (1)环保捐款 | 被试费捐款 | 付出经济成本 | Vesely & Klöckner, |
捐款组织选择 | 无 | De Groot & Steg, | ||
根据任务表现捐款 | 付出时间成本 | Lange & Dewitte, | ||
(2)参与各类环保活动:无偿加入环境计划, 签署环保倡议书等 | 参与环保调查、环保项目 | 付出时间成本 | 魏心妮 等, | |
签署环保请愿/倡议书 | 无 | Gulliver et al., |
表2 亲环境行为指标与范式
领域 | 现场实验 行为指标 | 实验室范式 设计核心 | 实验室 环境行为成本 | 实验室范式 代表文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
资源节约 | (1)节水:用水行为/用水量 | 设置需要用水的任务(如洗手、刷牙、洗毛巾), 考察用水量, 需掩蔽实验目的(如产品测评等) | 无 | Geng et al., |
付出经济成本 | Zhang, Jiang et al., | |||
(2)节电:用电行为/用电量 | 是否关闭不使用的电器(如离开实验室时关灯或关闭电脑) | 无 | Bator et al., | |
(3)综合:重复使用酒店毛巾 | / | / | / | |
绿色出行 | (1)出行工具选择 | 选择绿色出行方式需等待更长时间, 但可获得更高环境利益 | 付出时间成本 | Lange et al., |
(2)驾驶行为 | / | / | / | |
垃圾处理 | (1)分类投放 | 观测被试对单个一次性实验用具的处理 | 无 | 傅鑫媛 等, |
观测被试对多个一次性实验用具的分类投放 | 付出时间成本 | Huffman et al., | ||
(2)垃圾减量 | / | |||
绿色消费 | (1)绿色产品销量 | 同类产品中是否选择绿色商品而非普通商品 | 无 | Taube & Vetter, |
付出经济成本 | 王财玉, | |||
(2)一次性产品销量 | / | / | / | |
公域行为 | (1)环保捐款 | 被试费捐款 | 付出经济成本 | Vesely & Klöckner, |
捐款组织选择 | 无 | De Groot & Steg, | ||
根据任务表现捐款 | 付出时间成本 | Lange & Dewitte, | ||
(2)参与各类环保活动:无偿加入环境计划, 签署环保倡议书等 | 参与环保调查、环保项目 | 付出时间成本 | 魏心妮 等, | |
签署环保请愿/倡议书 | 无 | Gulliver et al., |
行为属性维度和量表题目 | 对应行为领域 | 来源量表 |
---|---|---|
维度1:牺牲经济利益 | ||
当有更便宜的替代选择时, 我仍愿意选择价格更高但更环保的产品 | 绿色消费 | 改编自Sudbury-Riley和Kohlbacher ( |
为环境保护捐款 | 公域行为 | 选自CGSS 2013 |
购置节能或节水设备(如节水马桶、节能灯泡或智能家电等)a | 资源节约 | 改编自Whitmarsh和O’Neill ( |
选择能效更高的电器, 即使价格更高 | 绿色消费/资源节约 | 改编自Barr等( |
为了降低碳排放, 购买价格更高的电动汽车a | 绿色消费/绿色出行 | 改编自Whitmarsh和O’Neill ( |
自费养护树林或绿地 | 公域行为 | 选自CGSS 2013 |
维度2:牺牲心理利益 | ||
花时间进行垃圾分类 | 垃圾处理 | 改编自CGSS 2013 |
为了环保选择公共交通, 即使花费更多时间 | 绿色出行 | 改编自钟毅平等( |
花时间参与环境宣传教育活动 | 公域行为 | 改编自CGSS, 2013 |
花时间参与环境监督举报或投诉 | 公域行为 | 改编自《生态报告2020》 |
夏季将空调温度设定在不低于26 ℃, 即使这不是我感觉最舒服的温度 | 资源节约 | 改编自Barr等( |
点餐时不要一次性餐具 | 资源节约/绿色消费 | 选自《生态报告2020》 |
维度3:利益无关 | ||
公共场所随手关灯 | 资源节约 | 改编自Kaiser ( |
关注生态环境信息 | 公域行为 | 选自《生态报告2020》 |
与自己的亲戚朋友讨论环保问题 | 公域行为 | 选自CGSS 2013 |
对塑料包装袋进行重复利用 | 资源节约/垃圾处理 | 选自CGSS 2013 |
捐赠旧衣物 | 资源节约/垃圾处理 | 改编自Barr等( |
在价格相差不大时选择绿色产品(如贴有环保绿签或由可回收材料制作的产品) | 绿色消费 | 改编自Larson等( |
表3 基于行为属性编制的亲环境行为量表示例
行为属性维度和量表题目 | 对应行为领域 | 来源量表 |
---|---|---|
维度1:牺牲经济利益 | ||
当有更便宜的替代选择时, 我仍愿意选择价格更高但更环保的产品 | 绿色消费 | 改编自Sudbury-Riley和Kohlbacher ( |
为环境保护捐款 | 公域行为 | 选自CGSS 2013 |
购置节能或节水设备(如节水马桶、节能灯泡或智能家电等)a | 资源节约 | 改编自Whitmarsh和O’Neill ( |
选择能效更高的电器, 即使价格更高 | 绿色消费/资源节约 | 改编自Barr等( |
为了降低碳排放, 购买价格更高的电动汽车a | 绿色消费/绿色出行 | 改编自Whitmarsh和O’Neill ( |
自费养护树林或绿地 | 公域行为 | 选自CGSS 2013 |
维度2:牺牲心理利益 | ||
花时间进行垃圾分类 | 垃圾处理 | 改编自CGSS 2013 |
为了环保选择公共交通, 即使花费更多时间 | 绿色出行 | 改编自钟毅平等( |
花时间参与环境宣传教育活动 | 公域行为 | 改编自CGSS, 2013 |
花时间参与环境监督举报或投诉 | 公域行为 | 改编自《生态报告2020》 |
夏季将空调温度设定在不低于26 ℃, 即使这不是我感觉最舒服的温度 | 资源节约 | 改编自Barr等( |
点餐时不要一次性餐具 | 资源节约/绿色消费 | 选自《生态报告2020》 |
维度3:利益无关 | ||
公共场所随手关灯 | 资源节约 | 改编自Kaiser ( |
关注生态环境信息 | 公域行为 | 选自《生态报告2020》 |
与自己的亲戚朋友讨论环保问题 | 公域行为 | 选自CGSS 2013 |
对塑料包装袋进行重复利用 | 资源节约/垃圾处理 | 选自CGSS 2013 |
捐赠旧衣物 | 资源节约/垃圾处理 | 改编自Barr等( |
在价格相差不大时选择绿色产品(如贴有环保绿签或由可回收材料制作的产品) | 绿色消费 | 改编自Larson等( |
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