ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 665-676.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2021.00665

• ·研究前沿· • 上一篇    下一篇

抑制引起的遗忘及其神经机制

关旭旭, 王红波()   

  1. 河南大学认知、脑与健康研究所; 河南大学心理与行为研究所; 河南大学教育科学学院, 开封 475004
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-06 出版日期:2021-04-15 发布日期:2021-02-22
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究项目(20YJC190019)

Neural mechanisms of suppression-induced forgetting

GUAN Xuxu, WANG Hongbo()   

  1. Institute of Cognition, Brain and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;School of Educational Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
  • Received:2020-05-06 Online:2021-04-15 Published:2021-02-22

摘要:

当面对不愉快的提醒时, 人们通常会试图阻止那些不想要的记忆出现在脑海中。先前的研究表明, 抑制不想要的记忆的检索会降低这些记忆的可及性, 引起遗忘, 这一效应称为抑制引起的遗忘(suppression- induced forgetting, SIF)。SIF的神经机制涉及右背外侧前额叶皮层和额中回的激活增加, 以及海马的激活受到抑制。SIF的程度受记忆材料的情绪效价、个体的病理性情绪状态和训练的影响。未来研究应在深入了解SIF神经机制的基础上, 考虑如何提高临床病理性记忆的SIF效果, 以达到治疗目的。

关键词: 抑制引起的遗忘, 情绪效价, 情绪状态, 训练

Abstract:

When confronted with reminders of an unpleasant memory, people often try to prevent the unwanted memory from coming to mind. Suppression-induced forgetting (SIF) means that the attempt to prevent unwanted memories from entering awareness results in a decrease in the long-term accessibility of these memories. Previous studies indicated that the suppression of retrieval is accomplished by control mechanisms that inhibit unwanted memories. Suppressing retrieval increased engagement of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and middle frontal gyrus and concomitantly decreased engagement of the hippocampus. The degree of SIF is affected by the emotionality of information and an individual’s emotional state and training. 
From the perspective of research materials, current studies on the SIF effect of emotional memories mostly use neutral cues to match emotional materials, seldomly assess the emotional valence of cues during the learning process or after retrieval inhibition phase. More attention is paid to the memory association between cue and target event, but ignores the affective connection of them. In reality, due to the close connection between events and cues in the process of forming traumatic memories, trauma-related cues are no longer completely neutral but would have negative emotional valence. Therefore, future studies should explore the impacts of SIF on the basis of focusing on affective connection between cue and event. 
By individual pathological state, existing studies have investigated the SIF effect in depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) groups, but not reached consistent conclusions. This may be related to heterogeneity of mental disorders. The people who are diagnosed with PTSD or depression will may have different etiology, symptoms and underlying neural mechanisms. Future studies should distinguish these patients into different subtypes and conduct tests in groups with the same subtypes and the same symptoms, so as to further compare the SIF effect and its neural mechanisms among different subtypes. Given that poor inhibition in patients with depression and PTSD is often associated with difficulty in activation of the right middle frontal gyrus and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may improve core symptoms in patients with PTSD. Therefore, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be used in the future to improve the activity of relevant brain regions and enhance the inhibitory control. In addition, in reality, due to the impact of stress hormones on memory consolidation, unpleasant memories are often strong and profound. Future studies may also consider the influence of stress hormones on SIF. 
Finally, repeated suppression training can gradually weaken the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-hippocampal negative coupling connections, leading to more effective control of invasive memories, suggesting the feasibility of training intervention in memory control. It has been found that mindfulness-based strategy was to facilitate the process of forgetting by releasing the tension due to the resistance to forget and aiding the reallocation of attentional resources away from the unwanted items. Therefore, future studies should consider whether the mindfulness-based forgetting strategies can improve the effect of SIF, and whether individuals who have engaged in long-term mindfulness training (such as meditation) show a better ability of retrieval suppression than those who are naïve to mindfulness practices. 
Future studies should investigate ways to improve the therapeutic effects of SIF on clinical pathological memory based on an in-depth understanding of the neural mechanisms of SIF.

Key words: suppression-induced forgetting, emotional valence, emotional state, training

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