心理学视角下的极端膜拜伤害问题

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.02091

心理科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (12): 2091-2100.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2018.02091

• 主编特邀 • 下一篇

心理学视角下的极端膜拜伤害问题

任定成¹, 何晨宏¹^,², 陈天嘉¹()

^1. 中国科学院大学膜拜现象研究中心
^2. 中国科学院大学人文学院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-05-28 出版日期:2018-12-15 发布日期:2018-10-30
通讯作者: 陈天嘉 E-mail:chentianjia@ucas.ac.cn
作者简介:任定成, 北京大学博士, 中国科学院大学科学史与科学哲学教授、博士生导师、膜拜现象研究中心首席专家, 享受国务院政府津贴专家, 全国优秀科技工作者。曾任北京大学科学与社会研究中心主任和教授、中国科学院大学人文学院执行院长、中国科学技术协会全民科学素质行动计划制定工作专家组副组长、科技部-发展改革委-教育部-中国科协创新方法部际联席会议顾问, 曾受聘斯坦福大学访问教授、佛光大学客座教授、日本学术振兴会研究员。以动物行为学原理重构了中国传统斗蟋博戏中的动物争斗知识, 提出从领地行为和资源占有方面重新理解三国叙事的概念框架, 带领团队从多学科视角研究极端膜拜现象, 团队成员参加极端膜拜现象研究国际学术会议20余人次。

Physical and mental harm caused by participation in cults from a psychological perspective

REN Dingcheng¹, HE Chenhong¹^,², CHEN Tianjia¹()

^1. Center for Cult Studies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^2. School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2018-05-28 Online:2018-12-15 Published:2018-10-30
Contact: CHEN Tianjia E-mail:chentianjia@ucas.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对极端膜拜团体造成身心伤害现象的科学研究, 集中在对极端膜拜伤害的界定、测量和机制三个方面。本文的目的, 是梳理这三个主题上的研究脉络, 明晰其中的争议之处和取得的成绩。文本分析表明, 对极端膜拜伤害的界定从“洗脑”转向了“心理虐待”, 对这类伤害的经验观察由个体症状转向了群体行为和经历的描述, 测量方法由传统心理测试工具变成了新型团体心理虐待量表, 膜拜伤害的心理机制研究在综合环境和个人精神特质两种因素的基础上建立了二者交互的病理模型, 表观遗传学和人际神经生物学用于极端膜拜伤害的生理机制研究已见端倪。但是, 迄今对于极端膜拜伤害的学术研究尚未形成范式。

关键词: 极端膜拜团体, 身心伤害, 洗脑, 团体心理虐待量表, 群体依赖障碍理论

Abstract:

Scientific research on the phenomena of the physical and mental injury caused by participation in cults focuses on three aspects: definition, measurement and mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to review the issues, analyses, and findings on these three topics, and to clarify the field’s controversies and achievements. Our literature survey indicates that a) the terminology regarding the harm caused by cults has changed from “brainwashing” to “psychological abuse”; b) the focus of observation has changed from individual behavior to group experiences; c) the measurement of harm has shifted from traditional psychometric tools to group psychological abuse scales; and d) for psychological mechanisms, an interactive pathology model based on cult milieu factors and personal vulnerability has been established, and epigenetics and interpersonal neurobiology are also primarily used in the study of physiological mechanisms. However, a new research paradigm on cult harm has not yet been formed.

Key words: cult, physical and mental injury, brainwashing, the group psychological abuse scale, group dependence disorder

中图分类号:

B849:C91

任定成, 何晨宏, 陈天嘉. (2018). 心理学视角下的极端膜拜伤害问题. 心理科学进展 , 26(12), 2091-2100.

REN Dingcheng, HE Chenhong, CHEN Tianjia. (2018). Physical and mental harm caused by participation in cults from a psychological perspective. Advances in Psychological Science, 26(12), 2091-2100.

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心理学视角下的极端膜拜伤害问题

Physical and mental harm caused by participation in cults from a psychological perspective

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