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15 October 2010, Volume 18 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Speech from Editor-in-chief SUI Nan 2010, 18 (10):  1519-1519.  Abstract ( 1017 )   Related Articles | Metrics

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Neurophysiological Basis of Artistic Creativity SHEN Wang-Bing;LIU Chang;WANG Yong-Juan 2010, 18 (10):  1520-1528.  Abstract ( 1485 )   Artistic creativity was the important product of the domain specificity of creativity. It refered to individual’s creativity in/on arts, which could produce novel and unique products with aesthetic value. Scientific creativity and it both belonged to individual creativity. The review focused on human brain basis of artistic creativity. Existing human brain lesion and imaging studies have contributed to it. These studies indicated that it had a close contract with the brain’s frontal lobe, temporal lobe and temporal-parietal cortex. Studies in the future should seem to investigate creativity systematically and integrally, and also design more comparable experiments and artistic creativity tasks to detect artistic creativity, which based on our high temporal and high spatial solutions technologies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the Application of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction in the Intervention of Nurses’ Burnout PANG Jiao-Yan;BO Yong-Hai;TANG Xiao-Chen;LUO Jing 2010, 18 (10):  1529-1536.  Abstract ( 1634 )   Under current medical and social environment in China, Nursing Staff is facing huge stresses and is suffering from burnout. With regard to the domestic research situation of intervention on nurses’ burnout, the author introduced the widely used Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Program in the field of western clinical psychology, which had been proved to have positive effects on stress management and somatopsychic illness. In the light of features and mechanism of MBSR and its relationship with relationship-centered care theory, the author centers on exploring the rationality of MBSR in the prevention and intervention of nurses’ burnout. Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Stressors and Its Phenomenological Relationship with Sleep Quality YAN You-Wei;LIU Ming-Yan;TANG Xiang-Dong;LIN Rong-Mao 2010, 18 (10):  1537-1547.  Abstract ( 1490 )   Stressors are stimulus or variation cause to stress response, and the stress has an adverse effect on the sleep quality. Referring to the stressors that affect sleep quality, most of recent researches mainly focus on the following five traditional stress dimensions: family, academic, work, social-culture and disease. The relationship between these stressors and sleep quality is bidirectional and complex, direct and indirect, which could be changed by the duration and the intensity. In addition, the individual difference is reflected by the mediators and moderators. Related Articles | Metrics

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Possible Selves: Related Research and Applications YANG Xue;GONG Huo-Liang 2010, 18 (10):  1548-1553.  Abstract ( 1176 )   Possible Selves are ideas about what one might become in the future. These future selves include hoped for selves, expected selves and feared selves. Possible Selves not only can stimulate and predict people’s behavior, but also can adjust and guide the behavior of individuals to help them make the appropriate decisions and achieve their desired selves. In recent years, the studies of possible selves have attracted a lot of attention. Possible selves and the related research fields, including identity, age, gender, culture and motivation have been closely examined. The theory is used in various fields, such as career counseling services, teaching, behavior management, sports and psychotherapy. It can promote the development of personality and social progress in all sectors. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Modification of Implicit Association Test: The Brief Implicit Association Test JIN Zheng 2010, 18 (10):  1554-1558.  Abstract ( 1513 )   The Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) is composed of two blocks of trials with the same four categories and same response types as the standard Implicit Association Test (IAT). Some studies preliminarily proved that the BIAT can be successfully applied to the attitude, identity and stereotype measures. The psychometric properties of BIAT attitudes measures and BIAT identities measures depend on choice of focal categories. Based on the IAT, BIAT stereotype measures may have distinct variants that differ as a function of the focal category. Related Articles | Metrics

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Shared Mental Models and Transactive Memory Systems: Antinomy or Synergy? —— From Knowledge Management Perspective XUE Hui-Juan 2010, 18 (10):  1559-1566.  Abstract ( 1168 )   Shared Mental Models and Transactive Memory Systems are newly developed research areas closely related to team cognition management. Shared Mental Models are shared knowledge structures and represents about the key elements in the team that allow individuals to interact with their environment, while Transactive Memory Systems are collective memory systems for encoding, storing, retrieving, and communicating team knowledge. Based on the concepts of both of them, this paper analyzes the relation between them, and then provides the moderators in the impacts of Shared Mental Model and Transactive Memory Systems. The paper broadens our understanding of how to improve team knowledge management from team cognition perspective. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Introduction to Contextual Action Theory of Career and Action-Project Method QU Ke-Jia;Richard A. Young;ZOU Hong;YU Yi-Bing 2010, 18 (10):  1567-1573.  Abstract ( 1659 )   Contextual Action Theory of Career has been a new theory emerging in career field. Action theory addresses human intentional, goal-directed action, project, and career, as well as conceptualizes actions as reflecting everyday experiences and as being socially directed. Action-Project Method is a qualitative method based on Contextual Action Theory, which collects complete data of human action from external behavior, internal process and social meaning. Contextual Action Theory of Career provides a new way to conceptualize career actions, related processes, and their social meaning. Related Articles | Metrics

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Time as Value in Behavioral Decision Making: A Comparison Between Time and Money ZHANG Jun-Wei;XU Fu-Ming;LIU Teng-Fei;CHEN Xue-Ling;JIANG Duo 2010, 18 (10):  1574-1579.  Abstract ( 1129 )   Traditional economists suggested that time is money, while a number of studies have found the different conclusions over the past years. This paper first systematically compares time with money in behavioral decision making, such as risk preference of losses and gains, sunk cost effect, mental accounting and endowment effect. However, research concerning this topic is still in the infant stage, with more questions needing further exploration in the future. Finally, some limitations are discussed and the directions for future study are suggested. Related Articles | Metrics

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Psychological Safety in Workplace: Conceptualization, Antecedents and Consequences LING Bin;DUAN Jin-Yun;ZHU Yue-Long 2010, 18 (10):  1580-1589.  Abstract ( 1670 )   Psychological safety, a multilevel cognitive construct, refers to individuals’ perceptions of being able to show and employ one’s self without fear of negative consequences to self-image, status or career. It is also defined as employees’ shared belief that taking interpersonal risks are safe in their dyadic relationships, work teams and organizations. A set of predictors–consisting of personal features, quality of relationships, group dynamics and structure, as well as leadership style–have shown to be positively related to psychological safety, which in turn facilitates learning behavior, voice behavior, creativity and innovation, employee engagement, and job performance. Future studies about the structure and measurement of psychological safety, antecedents and so on are discussed further. Related Articles | Metrics

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Customer Aggression Behaviors: The Conception, Influential Factors and Coping Strategies PANG Yun-Fei;LI Yong-Xin 2010, 18 (10):  1590-1600.  Abstract ( 1398 )   Customer aggression is defined as a series of unacceptable hostile behaviors exhibited by a current or former customer of an organization towards an employee that creates an intimidating, frightening or offensive situation, and these hostile behaviors will exert negative impact on the employees’ working performance. Customer aggression is the concentrated reflection of workplace aggression behaviors in service industries. In this paper, we analyze the influential factors of customer aggression from the aspects of individual factors and situational factors. The related negative impact of the customer aggression include psychological/emotional reactions, physical harm and work–related negative outcomes. Before making the useful evaluation and expectation for the further research, we discuss the coping strategy of customer aggression behaviors from two aspects: individual coping strategies and organizational coping strategies. Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Perspective of Researching the Relationship Between Employee and Organization: Idiosyncratic Deals WEI Qiu-Jiang;DUAN Jin-Yun;FAN Ting-Wei 2010, 18 (10):  1601-1605.  Abstract ( 1468 )   Idiosyncratic deals (I-Deals for short) are personalized employment arrangements negotiated between individual employee and employers and intended to benefit them both (Rousseau, 2005). I-Deals can be the identification of the good psychological connection between organization and employees. They are applied by organizations to attract or retain the valued employees. After introducing the definition, the paper presents the origin, measurement and related organizational studies of I-Deals. Finally, the future research tendencies, including methods, structures and objects of I-Deals, are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Role of Shocks in Employee Voluntary Turnover ZHU Qian;MA Chao;JIE Shui-Ping 2010, 18 (10):  1606-1611.  Abstract ( 1173 )   Shocks are particular, jarring events that initiate the psychological decision processes involved in quitting a job. To reveal the shock influence on voluntary turnover, researchers analyzed the relationships between different shock dimensions, and explored the associations between shock dimensions and decision paths. The results showed a significant shock effect on voluntary turnover. However, further researches about shocks should be taken forward at least in four aspects, such as the definition, the approaches, the researching objects and the study for indigenization. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Arguments for the Congruence of Values and Behavior CHEN Ying;ZHENG Yong 2010, 18 (10):  1612-1619.  Abstract ( 1426 )   One recurring theme in personality psychology is the argument on the congruence between values and behaviors. The following modes consist in relevant researches: values serve as direct predictors of behaviors; various mediator and moderator influence the relationship between values and behaviors, such as life styles, attitude or personality. The goal hierarchy model suggests that specific objectives connect values to behaviors; while the construal level theory puts forward that the effect of values on behaviors depends on psychological distance; the self-worth orientation theory believes that self-worth systems direct behaviors as well; from the perspective of the neo-socioanalytic model, value is one of the personality domains, it influences behaviors with other domains. The further researches would focus on the application of value lexicon and the relationship between value conflicting and behavior decision, some investigations on the Chinese cultural background and the establishing of specific model. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effects of Political Trust on Public Attitudes and Cooperative Behaviors in Social Dilemma ZHANG Qi;Wang Er-Ping 2010, 18 (10):  1620-1627.  Abstract ( 1047 )   The story of modern society is about large numbers of citizens cooperating with each other, trying to maximize the welfare of their community and the broader society of which they are part. This type of problem is known as social dilemma, which becomes a focus of social psychology. With the development of group theory, researchers pay more attention to the collective solutions to social dilemma rather than individual solutions, concerning the effects of authorities to cooperation. Trust in authority and fairness are two important psychological antecedents of attitudes and cooperative behaviors. Political trust can be seen as one form of trust in authority in the social context. Future researches should try to investigate the effects and mechanism of political trust in laboratory and further explore the mediator role of justices in the relation between political trust and attitudes as well as cooperative behaviors. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Group Engagement Model: Background, Introduction and Future Directions TIAN Xiao-Ming;DUAN Jin-Yun;Fu Qiang 2010, 18 (10):  1628-1635.  Abstract ( 1113 )   Drawing on the idea of the Social Identity Theory, the group engagement model (GEM) developed both the group value model and the relational model. GEM purported that procedural justice affects people’s mind and behavior through social identity perception. GEM generalized four components of procedural justice, differentiated pride and respect, and told us the different effects on behavioral engagement which brought by resource judgements and identity judgements. Generally, GEM is helpfull to explain the intra-group behavior, it also expands the vision of the Social Identity Theory. However, more researches are needed for further validation and consummation for various person and under different cultures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Status Quo Bias with A Focus on Psychological Mechanisms, Its Influential Factors and Application Inspirations LIU Teng-Fei;XU Fu-Ming;ZHANG Jun-Wei;JIANG Duo;CHEN Xue-Ling 2010, 18 (10):  1636-1643.  Abstract ( 1155 )   Status quo bias refers to the phenoomenon that people tend to do nothing or maintain their current or previous decisions in decision making. Status quo bias includes endogenously determined status quo bias and exogenously determined status quo bias. There are two ways for researchers to interpret this phenomenon: loss aversion and regret theory. The factors to influence status quo bias include such as follows: number of alternatives, emotion, traits of the decision maker as his cognition and motivation. Status quo bias is conducive to understanding everyday decision behaviors and is valuable for such practical areas as sale, management and public policies. Further deep exploration is needed to clarify the relationship between status quo bias and other decision phenomena, to deepen our understanding of its original roots and at last to expand its applied values. Related Articles | Metrics

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Theoretical Models and Related Factors of Vengeance Li En-Jie;Feng Si-Hai 2010, 18 (10):  1644-1652.  Abstract ( 1148 )   Vengeance is a phenomenon which the victim starts an attack in order to punish or harm others, based on the motivations of the offender, it carries out after the victim appraises the severity of the offense he has received. Previous researches explored the psychological implications and definitions of the vengeance and the author argued that it should consist of cognitive, emotional and behavioral factors. Also, the present article covers the researches on the relationship between vengeance and forgiveness, relevant theoretical models and the related factors. Future studies about vengeance should mainly focus on the enrichment and improvement of the definition and theories, research approaches improvement, and empirical research on related factors. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review of Research on Volunteering LI Lin;SHI Wei 2010, 18 (10):  1653-1659.  Abstract ( 1063 )   Volunteering refers to an individual’s long term helping behavior without compensation conducted willingly for the active help seeker after deliberation in the context of an organization. Its formation and development can be explained by Function Theory, Trait-based paradigm, and Multi-factors model. Volunteering can be measured mainly by Volunteer Functions Inventory, Volunteerism Questionnaire and Volunteering Questionnaire. Investigators has made an deep exploration on the antecedents of Volunteering such as demographic variables, personality variables, motive variables and organizational factors, as well as the consequences of it including volunteers’ physical and mental health and social earnings. However, a further research is still needed on clarification of the definition, integration of theories, measuring and sampling. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review on Terrorism from the Perspective of Terrorists JIA Feng-Xiang;SHI Wei 2010, 18 (10):  1660-1667.  Abstract ( 1476 )   There is still no consensus about the definition of terrorism. In this article, terrorism refers to the acts of any individual, group or organization in order to achieve certain political, religious or social purposes, illegally using violence or other coercive means against innocent people with the intention of catching the attention of the target objects or the public and creating an atmosphere of terror. The formation and development of terrorism can be explained by Syndrome Model, Narcissism-Aggression Model, Frustration-Aggression Model, Tool Model, Social Context Model and other integrated models. The authors reviewed these models and proposed several psychological strategies for terrorism prevention. In psychology, the empirical research on terrorism is relatively small, and mostly focuses on the description and interpretation. So the research on the prediction and application of terrorism need to be further developed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Division of Family Work in China and Europe: On the Role of Culture Zhiyun Wang;Dominik Schoebi;and Meinrad Perrez 2010, 18 (10):  1668-1678.  Abstract ( 1377 )   The current article aims to understand how culture affects couple’s allocation of domestic chores in China and Europe. First, we review previous studies on Chinese couple’s family work organization in comparison to data from European societies. Second, we examine the applicability of major theoretical models about the division of family work on the situation in China. While we conclude that cross-cultural differences in the division of family work exist, these differences can only partially be explained using these theoretical approaches. Thirdly, we expand the theoretical framework adopted by most cross-culture family studies by providing a discussion of traditional Confucian ideology and third party support with family work. We discuss finally the possible implications of these values and support for the division of family work across cultures. Related Articles | Metrics