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25 September 1983, Volume 15 Issue 03 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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THE USE oF CLOSED STEREO T.V.TO IMPROVE DEPTH VISION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF UPWARD AND DOWNWARD OBSERVATION POSITION Xu Lian-cang,Fang Li-luo,Gao Jing (Institute of Psychology Academia Sinica) 1983, 15 (03):  15-18.  Abstract ( 530 )   Under some conditions in industry the operator should take an upward ordownward observation position for controlling the machine or other mechanicaldevices.This kind of observation position usually exerts influence upon theaccuracy of depth vision—increasing the threshold in depth judgment.In thisstudy a closed stereo T.V.was used on the screen of which the observingobject could be displayed in three dimensions under any position,so theoperator was able to control the object under a normal observationposition.The result of this experiment demonstrated the benefical effect inusing this kind of T.V.to compensate the disorder in depth vision under theinfluence of upward and downward observation position. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE DISTRIBUTION OF LEFT AND RIGHT HANDEDNESS IN CHINESE PEOPLE Li Xin-tian (The National Cooperative Research Team for Handedness) 1983, 15 (03):  27-35.  Abstract ( 1813 )   There is so far no scientific data concerning the distribution of left-andright-handedness in Chinese population.A survey of 18,593 healthy peopleand 1,748 neuropsychiatric patients was conducted througout the country.The sample of healthy people consisted of kindergarten,primary schoolmiddle school and college students,monozygotic and dizygotic twins,andvarious kinds of professionals.The handedness of seven minorities besides theHans were also surveyed.The data showed that the percentage of left-handedness was only 0.23％,far less then in western countries. Related Articles | Metrics

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NEW WAYS OF RESEARCH ON VISUAL ILLUSION Ma Mou-chao (Institute of psychology,Academia Sinica) Liu Lai-fu (Mathematics Dept,Beijing Normal University) 1983, 15 (03):  41-47.  Abstract ( 573 )   A multistage evaluation method was used to measure visual illusion.It is evident that there is,on the one hand,a good correlation betweenthe multistage evaluation method and classical psychophysical one forthe measurement of vertical-horizontal illusion and on the other handthose data obtained by both methods were randomly distributed on the line ofzero up and down for comparing the length of both horizontal lines exposed. Strength of illusion was defined as follows: x_i=cetagories(-2,-1,0,+1,+2) x_0=ratio of comparative line in length to standardized one in aConfiguration The investigation of the vertical-horizonral illusion discovered that thestrength of illusion varies with change in the ratio of comparative lines inlength to the Standardized one in the configuration.The illusion is strongestwhen the ratio is 0.8. Furthermore,the results obtained also showed that each configuration inquestion had a distribution of possibility in strength of illusion.Whereby it issuitable to describe such distribution in fuzzy sets. Related Articles | Metrics

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SOME OPINIONS ON THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF CHINESE PSYCHOLOGY Yang Xin-hui (Jiangxi Normal College) 1983, 15 (03):  48-52.  Abstract ( 835 )   This theses stresses the urgent need in the study of the history ofChinese psychology,and points out the necessity of setting up psychologywith Chinese characteristics. It stresses basic principles and methods in the study of the history ofChinese psychology:taking the essence of the mind as the key link,usingmodern concepts of psychology as the frame,connecting it with socialhistorical Conditions,and using comparative methods. It also puts forward some proposals to speed up research on this topic,form nationwide cooperation, build necessary research institutions,combinetextbook compilling with scientific research,and work in accordance withthe three steps. Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECTS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS LESION ON THE ORIENTING REFLEX IN RABBITS Kuang Pei-zi,Chen Shuang—Shuang (Institute of Psychology,Academia Sinica) 1983, 15 (03):  60-64.  Abstract ( 594 )   The purpose of this experiment is to observe the characteristics of theECoG orienting reaction to novel stimuli after the lesion of the dorsal orventral areas of the hippocampus.The results show that the rate of thecortical arousal responses to the novel stimuli in the hippocampally damagedrabbits is significantly lower than that in the intact.Authors analyzed anddiscussed the results of the experiment and the hippocampal role played bythe orienting reaction and habituation. Related Articles | Metrics

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DISCRIMINATION OF SIZE BY SIGHT AND TOUCH IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN Han Kai (Department of Psychology,Beijing University) Lin Zhong-xian (Institute Psychology,Academia Sinica) 1983, 15 (03):  88-94.  Abstract ( 500 )   The experiment was designed to investigate whether the accuracy ofsize discrimination differs when the discrimination is made in only one sense(Sight or Touch) from those made across two senses of sight and touch inpreschool children.80 preschool children aged 3—6 years old acted assubjects in this experiment.There were four percepual conditions to beinvestigated for variations in degree of accuracy,such as (a) "Sight-Sight"(b) "Touch-Touch" (c) "Sight-Touch"and (d) "Touch-Sight".The resultsindicate that,there was a significant difference between these fourconditions.The most accurate condition of size discrimination was found in"Sight-Sight"condition,the next was "Touch-Touch".The least accuratewas found in the cross modal condition,"Touch-Sight"and "Sight-Touch".The accuracy of discrimination for "Sight-Sight"and "Touch-Touch"increases with age in preschool children,and the peak accuracy ofdiscrimination in the cross modal condition was found in 5 year old children. Related Articles | Metrics

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TRANSPOSITION OF DISCRIMINATION FROM SOLID OBJECTS TO PHOTOGRAPHS IN RHESUS MONKEYS Gao Fang-pu (Institute of Psychology,Academia Sinica) 1983, 15 (03):  95-100.  Abstract ( 552 )   Nine wild rhesus monkeys from Yunnan Province,aged 1.5 to 2.5 years,were first trained to discriminate between solid objects,and then,testedwith their photographs.Two pairs of objects were used at the presentexperiment.They were (1) wooden house(+) vs.wooden ink bottle(-)models,and (2) circular cone (+) vs.spheroid (-).All objects werepainted with grey paint.The photographs,with their background cut off,were painted with the same color as the objects. The result showed that the animals transposed their discriminationresponses from solid objects to their photographs,and that the elder ani-mals learned to discriminate between objects faster than the youngerones. Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECTS OF LESION OF HYPOTHALAMIC ARCUATE NUCLEUS,DORSAL RAPHE NUCLEUS AND LOCUS COERULEUS ON STRESS-INDUCED ANALGESIA IN RATS Yin Qi-zhang,Guo Shi-yu,Di Shi and Yu Feng-sheng (suzhou Medical College,Suzhou) 1983, 15 (03):  101-107.  Abstract ( 934 )   It is well known that the β-endorphin-containing neurons,serotonin-containing neurons and noradrenaline-containing neurons are concentrated inhypothalamic arcuate nucleus,dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleusrespectively.In this study the effects of lesion of these three nuclei onstress-induced analgesia were investigated in rats.Stress was produced byinescapable intermittent footshock,and the analgesic effect was measuredby tail stimulation-vocalization test. After monosodium glutamate-induced arcuate nuclear lesion and kainicacid-induced lesion or electrolytic lesion of dorsal raphe nucleus and locuscoeruleus,the analgesic effect of footshock stress was decreased significantly.It is suggested that β-endorphin-,serotonin-and noradrenaline-containingneurons might play an important role in stress-induced analgesia. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE SUPPORTING EFFECT OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE TO WRITTEN LANGUAGE——A NEUROLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS THROUGH CASES OF BRAIN DAMAGE Hu Chao-qun (Inistitute of psychology,Academia Sinica,Beijing) Zhu Yong-lian (Tian-tan Hospital,Neurological Departmant,Beijing).Wu Wen-zhu (Kunming Medical College,Subordinate Hospital,Neurological Department,Yunnan) 1983, 15 (03):  108-113.  Abstract ( 503 )   This paper discussed speech behavior in four aspects through three casesof patients having brain damage in different(?)locations——listening,speaking,reading and writing,which were compared and analyzed so as to interpretthe relations among them,while the so-called"supporting effect of spokenlanguage to the written language"was particularly presented and discussed.This may be helpful to the diagnosis,rehabilitation of the speech disordercaused by brain damage,and also may be helpful to the practice oflanguage education. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE ROLE OF HIPPOCAMPUS IN THE MEMORY OF DIFFERENT SENSES Zhang Xiang-yong Ou Ying-qi Xu Shi-tong (South China Normal University,Guangzhou) 1983, 15 (03):  114-120.  Abstract ( 620 )   1. With the electrical stimulation of hippocampus no deterioration wasobserved in the establishment of the conditioned avoidance response with thesmell stimulus as conditioned stimulus (CS) in the rabbits.But there weresignificantly inhibitory effects on the establishment of the conditionedavoidance response with the hearing stimulus as CS. 2. No disorder occurred because of electric destruction of thehippocampus in the establishment and persistence of the conditionedgustatory detestation with the gustatory stimulus as CS in rats.But in theestablishment of the conditioned avoidance response with the visual stimulusas CS the inhibitory effects occurred significantly.But no effectwas observed on the retention of its memory. 3. These results show that the memory of the sense of smell andgustation hardly depends on the action of the hippocampus.But in theformation of the memory of vision and hearing the hippocampus plays animportant role.Probable explanations of the abovementioned phenomena arediscussed here. Related Articles | Metrics

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REVISION OF WECHSLER'S ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE IN CHINA Gong Yao-xian 1983, 15 (03):  121-129.  Abstract ( 1339 )   Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) has been widely used inEnglish speaking countries and revised in many other languages.In China,we are also in need of such a scale for estimation or determinationof intelligence levels of adults.We started in 1979 to have WAIS revised soas to make its various contents useful and applicable to Chinese subjectsliving in urban districts or countrysides.The revision work was completedin 1981.In order to avoid confusion with the works of others we call ourrevision "WAIS-RC". Altogether we investigated 2029 urban subjects and 992 persons in ruralareas scattered in 21 different provinces of China.A stratified sampling planwas adopted to insure that representative proportions of various age,sex,education and occupation would be included in the standardization sample.And,Two separate norms,the urban and the rural,were made. The reliability and validity of WAIS-RC should be mentioned,for theformer,three testing methods are:(1) A split-half procedure (odd vs.evenitems)——the result scores of each half are against the other compared;(2)The intercorrelations of eleven WAIS-RC tests are calculated;and (3)Testand retest——1—5 weeks later a second test is appended to the same subjectand the scores of the tests at different times are compared.The reliablity ofWAIS-RC has been well proved through these methods.As to the validity,two points are very distinguishing;(1) in our records,the higher theedcational accomplishments of our subjects,the better the test scores,(2)the more the subjects approach old age,the lower their test scores.Theseare in good agreement with one's general experiences.Hence,the validityof WAIS-RC is also well proven. Related Articles | Metrics