The effect of spouse emotional intelligence on employee work engagement: The mediating role of employee life well-being and the moderating role of gender

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00646

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper focuses on the interpersonal influence of spouse emotional intelligence on employee work engagement from the family to the work domain. Based on the effort-recovery model and emotional intelligence literature, this paper proposes that spouse emotional intelligence can promote employee work engagement by enhancing employee life well-being. In addition, by integrating the gender role theory, this paper further discusses the moderating role of employee gender. We tested our hypotheses in two field studies and found that: Spouse emotional intelligence was positively related to employee life well-being; Employee life well-being was positively related to employee work engagement; Employee life well-being served as a mediator to transmit the effect of spouse emotional intelligence on employee work engagement; Moreover, employee gender moderated the relationship between spouse emotional intelligence and employee life well-being such that when employees were male, the positive effect of spouse emotional intelligence on employee life well-being was stronger; In addition, employee gender also moderated the indirect effect of spouse emotional intelligence on employee work engagement via employee life well-being. This study is among the first to establish a link between spouse EI and employee work engagement and supports the interpersonal effects of EI from the family to the work domain, which is of great significance in both theory and practice.

Key words: spouse emotional intelligence, employee life well-being, employee work engagement, employee gender

ZHENG Xiaoming, YU Yu, LIU Xin. (2022). The effect of spouse emotional intelligence on employee work engagement: The mediating role of employee life well-being and the moderating role of gender. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(6), 646-664.

Figures/Tables 7

References 108

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Variable	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1 Spouse age	30.10	3.03
2 Spouse education	2.75	0.58	-0.05(0.574)
3 Spouse tenure	5.85	3.38	0.66^***(0.000)	-0.01(0.900)
4 Employee age	28.94	2.96	0.79^***(0.000)	-0.16(0.074)	0.64^***(0.000)
5 Employee education	2.92	0.37	-0.05(0.578)	0.17(0.061)	-0.00(0.970)	-0.09(0.345)
6 Employee tenure	6.29	3.45	0.73^***(0.000)	-0.22^*(0.016)	0.72^***(0.000)	0.81^***(0.000)	-0.11(0.207)
7 Employee emotional intelligence	5.16	0.69	-0.04(0.666)	0.07(0.449)	0.01(0.945)	-0.03(0.708)	0.02(0.823)	-0.01(0.940)	0.86
8 Employee gender	0.23	0.43	-0.11(0.241)	-0.03(0.785)	-0.02(0.824)	0.08(0.397)	-0.03(0.709)	-0.00(0.980)	0.05(0.567)
9 Spouse emotional intelligence	5.62	0.56	0.14(0.132)	-0.03(0.744)	0.24^**(0.008)	0.15(0.094)	-0.07(0.457)	0.21^*(0.019)	0.07(0.444)	-0.08(0.365)	0.78
10 Employee life well-being	4.97	1.06	0.14(0.114)	0.04(0.689)	0.04(0.678)	0.07(0.448)	-0.03(0.741)	0.12(0.176)	0.12(0.175)	-0.04(0.646)	0.27^**(0.002)	0.91
11 Employee work engagement	4.83	1.04	0.09(0.326)	-0.07(0.411)	0.08(0.371)	0.08(0.390)	0.02(0.850)	0.13(0.148)	0.20^*(0.024)	0.16(0.071)	0.08(0.357)	0.46^***(0.000)	0.89

Variable	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1 Spouse age	30.10	3.03
2 Spouse education	2.75	0.58	-0.05(0.574)
3 Spouse tenure	5.85	3.38	0.66^***(0.000)	-0.01(0.900)
4 Employee age	28.94	2.96	0.79^***(0.000)	-0.16(0.074)	0.64^***(0.000)
5 Employee education	2.92	0.37	-0.05(0.578)	0.17(0.061)	-0.00(0.970)	-0.09(0.345)
6 Employee tenure	6.29	3.45	0.73^***(0.000)	-0.22^*(0.016)	0.72^***(0.000)	0.81^***(0.000)	-0.11(0.207)
7 Employee emotional intelligence	5.16	0.69	-0.04(0.666)	0.07(0.449)	0.01(0.945)	-0.03(0.708)	0.02(0.823)	-0.01(0.940)	0.86
8 Employee gender	0.23	0.43	-0.11(0.241)	-0.03(0.785)	-0.02(0.824)	0.08(0.397)	-0.03(0.709)	-0.00(0.980)	0.05(0.567)
9 Spouse emotional intelligence	5.62	0.56	0.14(0.132)	-0.03(0.744)	0.24^**(0.008)	0.15(0.094)	-0.07(0.457)	0.21^*(0.019)	0.07(0.444)	-0.08(0.365)	0.78
10 Employee life well-being	4.97	1.06	0.14(0.114)	0.04(0.689)	0.04(0.678)	0.07(0.448)	-0.03(0.741)	0.12(0.176)	0.12(0.175)	-0.04(0.646)	0.27^**(0.002)	0.91
11 Employee work engagement	4.83	1.04	0.09(0.326)	-0.07(0.411)	0.08(0.371)	0.08(0.390)	0.02(0.850)	0.13(0.148)	0.20^*(0.024)	0.16(0.071)	0.08(0.357)	0.46^***(0.000)	0.89

Variable	Employee life well-being						Employee work engagement
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5		Model 6		Model 7
		B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p
Intercept	3.13(1.91)	0.104	0.11(2.12)	0.958	1.57(2.19)	0.476	3.29(1.86)	0.080	2.54(2.11)	0.229	1.93(1.69)	0.257	2.49(1.88)	0.188
Spouse age	0.08(0.06)	0.138	0.09(0.06)	0.104	0.08(0.06)	0.124	0.02(0.05)	0.710	0.05(0.06)	0.378	-0.02(0.05)	0.747	0.01(0.05)	0.879
Spouse education	0.11(0.18)	0.526	0.11(0.17)	0.511	0.11(0.17)	0.527	-0.13(0.17)	0.460	-0.13(0.17)	0.442	-0.18(0.16)	0.257	-0.18(0.15)	0.234
Spouse tenure	-0.05(0.04)	0.237	-0.07(0.04)	0.105	-0.07(0.04)	0.085	-0.01(0.04)	0.875	-0.01(0.04)	0.775	0.02(0.04)	0.680	0.02(0.04)	0.614
Employee age	-0.07(0.06)	0.300	-0.06(0.06)	0.317	-0.06(0.06)	0.329	-0.03(0.06)	0.604	-0.06(0.06)	0.330	0.00(0.06)	0.952	-0.03(0.06)	0.563
Employee education	-0.06(0.26)	0.818	-0.01(0.26)	0.956	-0.04(0.25)	0.858	0.11(0.25)	0.670	0.13(0.25)	0.597	0.13(0.23)	0.557	0.14(0.23)	0.536
Employee tenure	0.07(0.06)	0.206	0.06(0.05)	0.276	0.06(0.05)	0.247	0.05(0.05)	0.349	0.05(0.05)	0.329	0.02(0.05)	0.683	0.03(0.05)	0.593
Employee emotional intelligence	0.19(0.14)	0.172	0.16(0.14)	0.233	0.15(0.13)	0.261	0.31^*(0.14)	0.024	0.29^*(0.14)	0.033	0.23(0.12)	0.067	0.22(0.12)	0.077
Employee gender			0.03(0.23)	0.884	0.07(0.23)	0.746			0.45^*(0.23)	0.049			0.44^*(0.20)	0.033
Spouse emotional intelligence			0.51^**(0.17)	0.004	0.30(0.20)	0.121			0.12(0.17)	0.476			-0.11(0.16)	0.500
Employee life well-being											0.44^***(0.08)	0.000	0.45^***(0.08)	0.000
Spouse emotional intelligence × Employee gender					0.47^*(0.21)	0.031
R²	0.06		0.13		0.16		0.07		0.10		0.25		0.29
ΔR²			0.07^*		0.03^*				0.03		0.18^***a		0.19^***b

Variable	Employee life well-being						Employee work engagement
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5		Model 6		Model 7
		B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p	B (SE)	p
Intercept	3.13(1.91)	0.104	0.11(2.12)	0.958	1.57(2.19)	0.476	3.29(1.86)	0.080	2.54(2.11)	0.229	1.93(1.69)	0.257	2.49(1.88)	0.188
Spouse age	0.08(0.06)	0.138	0.09(0.06)	0.104	0.08(0.06)	0.124	0.02(0.05)	0.710	0.05(0.06)	0.378	-0.02(0.05)	0.747	0.01(0.05)	0.879
Spouse education	0.11(0.18)	0.526	0.11(0.17)	0.511	0.11(0.17)	0.527	-0.13(0.17)	0.460	-0.13(0.17)	0.442	-0.18(0.16)	0.257	-0.18(0.15)	0.234
Spouse tenure	-0.05(0.04)	0.237	-0.07(0.04)	0.105	-0.07(0.04)	0.085	-0.01(0.04)	0.875	-0.01(0.04)	0.775	0.02(0.04)	0.680	0.02(0.04)	0.614
Employee age	-0.07(0.06)	0.300	-0.06(0.06)	0.317	-0.06(0.06)	0.329	-0.03(0.06)	0.604	-0.06(0.06)	0.330	0.00(0.06)	0.952	-0.03(0.06)	0.563
Employee education	-0.06(0.26)	0.818	-0.01(0.26)	0.956	-0.04(0.25)	0.858	0.11(0.25)	0.670	0.13(0.25)	0.597	0.13(0.23)	0.557	0.14(0.23)	0.536
Employee tenure	0.07(0.06)	0.206	0.06(0.05)	0.276	0.06(0.05)	0.247	0.05(0.05)	0.349	0.05(0.05)	0.329	0.02(0.05)	0.683	0.03(0.05)	0.593
Employee emotional intelligence	0.19(0.14)	0.172	0.16(0.14)	0.233	0.15(0.13)	0.261	0.31^*(0.14)	0.024	0.29^*(0.14)	0.033	0.23(0.12)	0.067	0.22(0.12)	0.077
Employee gender			0.03(0.23)	0.884	0.07(0.23)	0.746			0.45^*(0.23)	0.049			0.44^*(0.20)	0.033
Spouse emotional intelligence			0.51^**(0.17)	0.004	0.30(0.20)	0.121			0.12(0.17)	0.476			-0.11(0.16)	0.500
Employee life well-being											0.44^***(0.08)	0.000	0.45^***(0.08)	0.000
Spouse emotional intelligence × Employee gender					0.47^*(0.21)	0.031
R²	0.06		0.13		0.16		0.07		0.10		0.25		0.29
ΔR²			0.07^*		0.03^*				0.03		0.18^***a		0.19^***b

Variable	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
1 Spouse age	32.73	6.07
2 Spouse education	3.00	1.07	0.05(0.652)
3 Spouse tenure	6.51	5.15	0.44^***(0.000)	0.22(0.068)
4 Employee age	33.26	5.43	0.86^***(0.000)	-0.07(0.559)	0.50^***(0.000)
5 Employee education	3.01	0.94	0.21(0.080)	0.54^***(0.000)	0.13(0.290)	0.14(0.252)
6 Employee tenure	2.24	1.33	0.38^**(0.001)	0.22(0.066)	0.12(0.294)	0.33^**(0.005)	0.38^**(0.001)
7 Employee job demands	4.64	1.01	-0.12(0.331)	0.10(0.396)	0.06(0.589)	-0.03(0.796)	0.15(0.206)	0.04(0.740)	0.83
8 Employee job Control	4.78	1.33	-0.04(0.740)	0.13(0.282)	-0.04(0.723)	-0.11(0.342)	0.00(0.971)	-0.08(0.510)	-0.07(0.569)	0.94
9 Leader emotional intelligence	5.51	0.94	0.01(0.935)	-0.00(0.977)	0.10(0.414)	-0.05(0.657)	-0.02(0.888)	-0.12(0.326)	0.04(0.770)	0.47^***(0.000)	0.98
10 Peers’ emotional intelligence	5.37	0.87	-0.09(0.446)	-0.05(0.672)	-0.07(0.554)	-0.13(0.293)	0.04(0.760)	-0.09(0.456)	-0.02(0.888)	0.42^***(0.000)	0.81^***(0.000)	0.98
11 Employee emotional intelligence	5.68	0.67	0.02(0.861)	0.00(0.976)	-0.17(0.157)	-0.00(0.983)	-0.02(0.891)	0.02(0.876)	-0.11(0.349)	0.27^*(0.021)	0.43^***(0.000)	0.58^***(0.000)	0.92
12 Employee gender	0.73	0.45	-0.12(0.335)	-0.15(0.221)	0.02(0.874)	0.17(0.146)	-0.12(0.299)	-0.05(0.650)	0.12(0.330)	-0.10(0.389)	-0.12(0.299)	-0.14(0.230)	0.12(0.330)
13 Spouse emotional intelligence	5.59	0.72	0.08(0.530)	-0.05(0.648)	-0.13(0.270)	0.03(0.835)	-0.10(0.425)	-0.12(0.320)	-0.10(0.418)	0.12(0.315)	0.16(0.166)	0.18(0.125)	0.11(0.348)	-0.07(0.541)	0.94
14 Employee life well-being	4.73	1.04	-0.05(0.706)	-0.09(0.473)	-0.13(0.265)	-0.13(0.264)	-0.06(0.641)	-0.09(0.450)	0.06(0.606)	0.24^*(0.039)	0.32^**(0.005)	0.43^***(0.000)	0.21(0.069)	-0.04(0.770)	0.44^***(0.000)	0.92
15 Employee work engagement	5.42	0.92	0.18(0.127)	0.18(0.124)	0.06(0.603)	0.18(0.130)	0.27^*(0.019)	0.18(0.123)	0.10(0.382)	0.27^*(0.019)	0.42^***(0.000)	0.42^***(0.000)	0.41^***(0.000)	0.23(0.055)	0.09(0.430)	0.35^**(0.002)	0.96