The effects of leader power and status on employees’ voice behavior:The role of psychological safety

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2022.00549

Abstract

Abstract:

Through two experiments (Studies 1 and 2), and one multi-source, multi-wave field survey (Study 3), we found that leader power has a negative effect on subordinates’ voice behaviors; leader status has a positive effect on subordinates’ voice behaviors; leader status moderates the influence of leader power on subordinates' voice behaviors. When leader status is low, the negative effect of leader power on subordinates' voice behaviors is strengthened; otherwise, it is not significant. The moderating effect of leader status on power is transferred to subordinates' voice behavior through subordinates' psychological safety. Our findings shed light on how organizational hierarchy bases, such as power and status, influence subordinates' voice behavior.

Key words: power, status, voice behavior, psychological safety

RONG Yan, SUI Yang, JIANG Jing. (2022). The effects of leader power and status on employees’ voice behavior:The role of psychological safety. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 54(5), 549-565.

Figures/Tables 11

References 80

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Variables	Voice behavior					Psychological safety
Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7	Model 8
Sex	-0.10 (0.19)	-0.07 (0.18)	-0.02 (0.15)	-0.00 (0.18)	0.02 (0.16)	-0.16 (0.22)	-0.12 (0.20)	-0.05 (0.20)
Education level	0.05 (0.07)	0.05 (0.06)	0.02 (0.05)	0.04 (0.06)	0.02 (0.05)	0.05 (0.08)	0.06 (0.07)	0.05 (0.07)
Employment years	-0.01 (0.01)	-0.01 (0.01)	-0.00 (0.01)	-0.00 (0.01)	-0.00 (0.01)	-0.01 (0.01)	-0.01 (0.01)	-0.01 (0.01)
Leader power		-0.32 (0.16) ^†	-0.15 (0.14)	-0.73 (0.23)**	-0.37 (0.21)^†		-0.37 (0.18)*	-0.81 (0.26)**
Leader status		0.52 (0.16)**	0.06 (0.15)	0.11 (0.23)	-0.13 (0.20)		0.98 (0.18)***	0.54 (0.26)*
Leader power × leader status				0.82 (0.33)*	0.42 (0.29)			0.88 (0.36)*
Psychological safety			0.46 (0.06)***		0.45 (0.06)***
R²	0.01	0.08	0.32	0.11	0.33	0.01	0.16	0.19
F	0.38	3.00*	14.41***	3.62**	12.74***	0.47	6.95***	6.92***

Variables	Voice behavior					Psychological safety
Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7	Model 8
Sex	-0.10 (0.19)	-0.07 (0.18)	-0.02 (0.15)	-0.00 (0.18)	0.02 (0.16)	-0.16 (0.22)	-0.12 (0.20)	-0.05 (0.20)
Education level	0.05 (0.07)	0.05 (0.06)	0.02 (0.05)	0.04 (0.06)	0.02 (0.05)	0.05 (0.08)	0.06 (0.07)	0.05 (0.07)
Employment years	-0.01 (0.01)	-0.01 (0.01)	-0.00 (0.01)	-0.00 (0.01)	-0.00 (0.01)	-0.01 (0.01)	-0.01 (0.01)	-0.01 (0.01)
Leader power		-0.32 (0.16) ^†	-0.15 (0.14)	-0.73 (0.23)**	-0.37 (0.21)^†		-0.37 (0.18)*	-0.81 (0.26)**
Leader status		0.52 (0.16)**	0.06 (0.15)	0.11 (0.23)	-0.13 (0.20)		0.98 (0.18)***	0.54 (0.26)*
Leader power × leader status				0.82 (0.33)*	0.42 (0.29)			0.88 (0.36)*
Psychological safety			0.46 (0.06)***		0.45 (0.06)***
R²	0.01	0.08	0.32	0.11	0.33	0.01	0.16	0.19
F	0.38	3.00*	14.41***	3.62**	12.74***	0.47	6.95***	6.92***

Model	Factor	χ²	df	ΔΔχ²	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
Model 1	Reward power, coercive power, status, power distance orientation, psychological safety, voice behavior	1435.22	512		0.91	0.90	0.07
Model 2	Reward power and coercive power were combined into one factor	2267.45	517	832.23***	0.82	0.81	0.10
Model 3	Reward power, coercive power, and status were merged into one factor	2787.43	521	1352.21***	0.77	0.75	0.11
Model 4	Psychological safety and voice behavior were combined into one factor	2786.53	517	1351.31***	0.77	0.75	0.11

Model	Factor	χ²	df	ΔΔχ²	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
Model 1	Reward power, coercive power, status, power distance orientation, psychological safety, voice behavior	1435.22	512		0.91	0.90	0.07
Model 2	Reward power and coercive power were combined into one factor	2267.45	517	832.23***	0.82	0.81	0.10
Model 3	Reward power, coercive power, and status were merged into one factor	2787.43	521	1352.21***	0.77	0.75	0.11
Model 4	Psychological safety and voice behavior were combined into one factor	2786.53	517	1351.31***	0.77	0.75	0.11

Variable name	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1. Sex	—	—	—
2. Age	31.71	8.35	-0.03	—
3. Education level	2.51	1.14	0.22***	-0.61***	—
4. Tenure	2.31	2.20	0.03	0.58***	-0.36***	—
5. Power distance orientation	2.28	0.57	-0.11*	-0.12*	-0.03	-0.03	(0.89)
6. Leader coercive power	2.45	0.77	0.16**	0.07	0.05	0.12*	0.05	(0.88)
7. Leader reward power	3.08	0.74	0.26***	-0.08	0.23***	-0.01	-0.18***	0.20***	(0.84)
8. Leader status	3.72	0.79	0.10^†	-0.28***	0.29***	-0.26***	-0.25***	-0.18***	0.25***	(0.89)
9. Psychological safety	3.79	0.76	0.00	-0.12*	0.02	-0.18***	-0.06	-0.40***	-0.01	0.33***	(0.93)
10. Voice behavior	3.60	0.74	-0.10^†	-0.21***	0.20***	-0.19***	-0.03	-0.16**	0.01	0.08	0.23***	(0.97)