Table 1 Overview of Studies
| Study | Hypotheses Tested | Objective | Data source |
|---|
| Study 1 | H1 | Secondary data analysis: Establish the main effect | Matched data from 37 countries across multiple databases |
| Study 2 | H1, H2 | Laboratory experiment: Test main and mediation effects; establish causality; rule out alternative mediators | Laboratory experiment with 129 valid participants |
| Study 3 | H1, H2, H3, H4 | Survey: Test main, mediation, and moderation effects as well as moderated mediation; enhance external validity | Survey of 2,970 respondents from 31 provincial- level administrative regions |
| Study 4 | H1 | Field experiment: Re-test the main effect; ensure ecological validity | One-month field experiment involving 603 customers across 175 dining tables |
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