Gradient modulation of spatial metaphors for abstract concepts in L2 by embodied experience: ERP evidence

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1357

Acta Psychologica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 1357-1369.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2026.1357

• Reports of Empirical Studies • Previous Articles Next Articles

Gradient modulation of spatial metaphors for abstract concepts in L2 by embodied experience: ERP evidence

YAO Zhao¹(), LI Tiantian¹, ZHU Xiangru²()

¹School of Foreign Studies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
²Faculty of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, China

Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-05-15
Contact: YAO Zhao,ZHU Xiangru E-mail:yaozhao@xjtu.edu.cn;zhuxiangru@gmail.com

Abstract

YAO Zhao, LI Tiantian, ZHU Xiangru. (2026). Gradient modulation of spatial metaphors for abstract concepts in L2 by embodied experience: ERP evidence. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 58(7), 1357-1369.

Figures/Tables 4

Figure 1. Reaction time of second language abstract concepts under different experimental conditions.
Note. * p = 0.07

Figure 2. ERPs waveform diagrams (average amplitude at FC3, FCz, FC4, C3, Cz, C4) and topographic maps (topographic maps corresponding to N400 and LPC, as well as their difference waves) under different experimental conditions.

Figure 3. Reaction time of second language abstract concepts under different experimental conditions.
Note. * p < 0.05

Figure 4. ERPs waveform diagrams (average amplitude at FC3, FCz, FC4, C3, Cz, C4) and topographic maps (topographic maps corresponding to N400 and LPC, as well as their difference waves) under different experimental conditions.

Gradient modulation of spatial metaphors for abstract concepts in L2 by embodied experience: ERP evidence

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