Acta Psychologica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 612-629.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00612
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LIU Depeng1, LI Juexing2(), ZHANG Shengjun3, PANG Xuhong3, WANG Zheng4
Published:
2024-05-25
Online:
2024-03-06
Contact:
LI Juexing
E-mail:lijuexing@139.com
LIU Depeng, LI Juexing, ZHANG Shengjun, PANG Xuhong, WANG Zheng. (2024). Trapped by family or compensated from work? The influence of daily negative family events on daily effective leadership behaviors. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(5), 612-629.
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URL: https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00612
Model | χ | df | χ2/df | Δχ2(Δdf) | RMSEA | CFI | TLI | SRMRwithin | SRMRbetween |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Five factor model: NFE, LI, IS, TFL, E | 1230.06 | 534 | 2.30 | — | 0.05 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
2. Four factor model: NFE, LI, IS+TFL, E | 1744.00 | 541 | 3.22 | 513.94(7) | 0.07 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.06 | 0.09 |
3. Three factor model: NFE, LI+IS+TFL, E | 2763.36 | 546 | 5.06 | 1019.35(5) | 0.09 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.10 | 0.14 |
4. Two factor model: NFE+LI, IS+TFL+E | 2917.43 | 548 | 5.32 | 154.07(2) | 0.10 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.17 | 0.23 |
Table 1 Multi-level CFA (Study 1)
Model | χ | df | χ2/df | Δχ2(Δdf) | RMSEA | CFI | TLI | SRMRwithin | SRMRbetween |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Five factor model: NFE, LI, IS, TFL, E | 1230.06 | 534 | 2.30 | — | 0.05 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
2. Four factor model: NFE, LI, IS+TFL, E | 1744.00 | 541 | 3.22 | 513.94(7) | 0.07 | 0.84 | 0.82 | 0.06 | 0.09 |
3. Three factor model: NFE, LI+IS+TFL, E | 2763.36 | 546 | 5.06 | 1019.35(5) | 0.09 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.10 | 0.14 |
4. Two factor model: NFE+LI, IS+TFL+E | 2917.43 | 548 | 5.32 | 154.07(2) | 0.10 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.17 | 0.23 |
Variables | Within variance (σ2) | Between variance (τ00) | Percentage of within variance (σ2/(σ2+τ00)) |
---|---|---|---|
1. Negative family events | 0.73 | 2.05 | 26.26% |
2. Leader identity | 0.80 | 1.53 | 34.33% |
3. Initial structure | 0.50 | 0.87 | 36.50% |
4. Transformational leadership | 0.75 | 0.93 | 44.64% |
5. Positive affect | 0.53 | 0.86 | 38.13% |
6. Negative affect | 0.79 | 1.58 | 33.33% |
7. Positive family events | 1.22 | 0.78 | 61.00% |
8. Sleep quality | 1.18 | 1.67 | 41.40% |
Table 2 Percentage of Within-person Variances (Study 1)
Variables | Within variance (σ2) | Between variance (τ00) | Percentage of within variance (σ2/(σ2+τ00)) |
---|---|---|---|
1. Negative family events | 0.73 | 2.05 | 26.26% |
2. Leader identity | 0.80 | 1.53 | 34.33% |
3. Initial structure | 0.50 | 0.87 | 36.50% |
4. Transformational leadership | 0.75 | 0.93 | 44.64% |
5. Positive affect | 0.53 | 0.86 | 38.13% |
6. Negative affect | 0.79 | 1.58 | 33.33% |
7. Positive family events | 1.22 | 0.78 | 61.00% |
8. Sleep quality | 1.18 | 1.67 | 41.40% |
Variables | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Within-person level | |||||||||||||||||||
1. Negative family events | 2.61 | 1.57 | 0.19*** | −0.25*** | −0.14** | 0.41*** | 0.65*** | 0.03 | −0.81*** | 0.19*** | −0.24*** | −0.14** | 0.10* | −0.07 | −0.17*** | −0.02 | −0.19*** | −0.36*** | |
2. Leader identity | 4.47 | 1.47 | −0.13** | 0.47*** | 0.47*** | 0.11* | 0.28*** | 0.33*** | −0.04 | 0.96*** | 0.44*** | 0.45*** | 0.18*** | −0.18*** | −0.12** | 0.06 | 0.10* | −0.06 | |
3. Initial structure | 5.13 | 1.15 | −0.11* | 0.40*** | 0.93*** | 0.21*** | −0.20*** | 0.54*** | 0.27*** | 0.55*** | 0.98*** | 0.92*** | 0.08 | −0.14** | 0.30*** | 0.29*** | 0.53*** | 0.08 | |
4. Transformational leadership | 5.02 | 1.28 | −0.07 | 0.32*** | 0.66*** | 0.36*** | −0.17** | 0.55*** | 0.15** | 0.57*** | 0.92*** | 0.98*** | 0.20*** | −0.25*** | 0.22*** | 0.39*** | 0.49*** | 0.10* | |
5. Positive affect | 4.33 | 1.15 | 0.01 | 0.17*** | 0.21*** | 0.15** | 0.13** | 0.41*** | −0.42*** | 0.21*** | 0.24*** | 0.36*** | 0.23*** | −0.24** | 0.06 | 0.12** | 0.32*** | −0.28*** | |
6. Negative affect | 3.56 | 1.50 | 0.11* | −0.09 | −0.23*** | −0.21*** | −0.07 | 0.00 | −0.54*** | 0.25*** | −0.21*** | −0.17*** | −0.04 | 0.05 | −0.11* | −0.24*** | −0.26*** | −0.28*** | |
7. Positive family events | 5.10 | 1.41 | −0.32*** | 0.03 | 0.09* | 0.01 | 0.05 | −0.03 | 0.00 | 0.35*** | 0.56*** | 0.54*** | 0.24*** | −0.27*** | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.34*** | −0.05 | |
8. Sleep quality | 4.72 | 1.62 | −0.34*** | 0.00 | 0.15** | 0.08 | 0.07 | −0.25*** | 0.28*** | −0.03 | 0.25*** | 0.16*** | −0.03 | −0.00 | 0.17*** | 0.02 | 0.11* | 0.30*** | |
9. Leader identity (Previous day) | 4.49 | 1.46 | −0.15** | 0.15 | 0.11* | 0.13** | 0.15** | −0.16*** | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.54*** | 0.56*** | 0.23 | −0.23*** | −0.07 | 0.14*** | 0.22*** | −0.06 | |
10. Initial structure (Previous day) | 5.15 | 1.11 | −0.05 | 0.17*** | 0.19*** | 0.17*** | 0.15** | −0.08 | −0.01 | 0.06 | 0.35*** | 0.94*** | 0.14** | −0.21*** | 0.27*** | 0.27*** | 0.52*** | 0.07 | |
11. Transformational leadership (Previous day) | 5.06 | 1.26 | −0.01 | 0.09* | 0.16** | 0.21*** | 0.10* | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.02 | 0.21*** | 0.62*** | 0.21*** | −0.26*** | 0.26*** | 0.39*** | 0.50*** | 0.08 | |
12. Day of week | 3.23 | 1.34 | −0.01 | 0.08 | −0.08 | −0.08 | −0.01 | −0.00 | −0.06 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.02 | −0.01 | −0.98*** | −0.53*** | 0.09 | 0.15** | −0.12** | |
13. Sine | 0.07 | 0.76 | 0.01 | −0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.02 | −0.00 | 0.02 | −0.03 | −0.07 | −0.00 | 0.02 | −0.95*** | 0.37*** | −0.13** | −0.17*** | 0.13** | |
14. Cosine | −0.41 | 0.49 | 0.01 | −0.08 | 0.04 | 0.04 | −0.05 | −0.02 | 0.08 | −0.02 | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.03 | −0.45*** | 0.24*** | 0.27*** | 0.10* | 0.11* | |
Between-person level | |||||||||||||||||||
15. Extraversion | 3.95 | 0.80 | 0.25*** | 0.16*** | |||||||||||||||
16. Managerial self-efficacy | 5.03 | 1.02 | −0.09 | ||||||||||||||||
17. Work-family segmentation preference | 5.66 | 1.13 |
Table 3 Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations (Study 1)
Variables | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Within-person level | |||||||||||||||||||
1. Negative family events | 2.61 | 1.57 | 0.19*** | −0.25*** | −0.14** | 0.41*** | 0.65*** | 0.03 | −0.81*** | 0.19*** | −0.24*** | −0.14** | 0.10* | −0.07 | −0.17*** | −0.02 | −0.19*** | −0.36*** | |
2. Leader identity | 4.47 | 1.47 | −0.13** | 0.47*** | 0.47*** | 0.11* | 0.28*** | 0.33*** | −0.04 | 0.96*** | 0.44*** | 0.45*** | 0.18*** | −0.18*** | −0.12** | 0.06 | 0.10* | −0.06 | |
3. Initial structure | 5.13 | 1.15 | −0.11* | 0.40*** | 0.93*** | 0.21*** | −0.20*** | 0.54*** | 0.27*** | 0.55*** | 0.98*** | 0.92*** | 0.08 | −0.14** | 0.30*** | 0.29*** | 0.53*** | 0.08 | |
4. Transformational leadership | 5.02 | 1.28 | −0.07 | 0.32*** | 0.66*** | 0.36*** | −0.17** | 0.55*** | 0.15** | 0.57*** | 0.92*** | 0.98*** | 0.20*** | −0.25*** | 0.22*** | 0.39*** | 0.49*** | 0.10* | |
5. Positive affect | 4.33 | 1.15 | 0.01 | 0.17*** | 0.21*** | 0.15** | 0.13** | 0.41*** | −0.42*** | 0.21*** | 0.24*** | 0.36*** | 0.23*** | −0.24** | 0.06 | 0.12** | 0.32*** | −0.28*** | |
6. Negative affect | 3.56 | 1.50 | 0.11* | −0.09 | −0.23*** | −0.21*** | −0.07 | 0.00 | −0.54*** | 0.25*** | −0.21*** | −0.17*** | −0.04 | 0.05 | −0.11* | −0.24*** | −0.26*** | −0.28*** | |
7. Positive family events | 5.10 | 1.41 | −0.32*** | 0.03 | 0.09* | 0.01 | 0.05 | −0.03 | 0.00 | 0.35*** | 0.56*** | 0.54*** | 0.24*** | −0.27*** | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.34*** | −0.05 | |
8. Sleep quality | 4.72 | 1.62 | −0.34*** | 0.00 | 0.15** | 0.08 | 0.07 | −0.25*** | 0.28*** | −0.03 | 0.25*** | 0.16*** | −0.03 | −0.00 | 0.17*** | 0.02 | 0.11* | 0.30*** | |
9. Leader identity (Previous day) | 4.49 | 1.46 | −0.15** | 0.15 | 0.11* | 0.13** | 0.15** | −0.16*** | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.54*** | 0.56*** | 0.23 | −0.23*** | −0.07 | 0.14*** | 0.22*** | −0.06 | |
10. Initial structure (Previous day) | 5.15 | 1.11 | −0.05 | 0.17*** | 0.19*** | 0.17*** | 0.15** | −0.08 | −0.01 | 0.06 | 0.35*** | 0.94*** | 0.14** | −0.21*** | 0.27*** | 0.27*** | 0.52*** | 0.07 | |
11. Transformational leadership (Previous day) | 5.06 | 1.26 | −0.01 | 0.09* | 0.16** | 0.21*** | 0.10* | −0.02 | −0.04 | −0.02 | 0.21*** | 0.62*** | 0.21*** | −0.26*** | 0.26*** | 0.39*** | 0.50*** | 0.08 | |
12. Day of week | 3.23 | 1.34 | −0.01 | 0.08 | −0.08 | −0.08 | −0.01 | −0.00 | −0.06 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.02 | −0.01 | −0.98*** | −0.53*** | 0.09 | 0.15** | −0.12** | |
13. Sine | 0.07 | 0.76 | 0.01 | −0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.02 | −0.00 | 0.02 | −0.03 | −0.07 | −0.00 | 0.02 | −0.95*** | 0.37*** | −0.13** | −0.17*** | 0.13** | |
14. Cosine | −0.41 | 0.49 | 0.01 | −0.08 | 0.04 | 0.04 | −0.05 | −0.02 | 0.08 | −0.02 | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.03 | −0.45*** | 0.24*** | 0.27*** | 0.10* | 0.11* | |
Between-person level | |||||||||||||||||||
15. Extraversion | 3.95 | 0.80 | 0.25*** | 0.16*** | |||||||||||||||
16. Managerial self-efficacy | 5.03 | 1.02 | −0.09 | ||||||||||||||||
17. Work-family segmentation preference | 5.66 | 1.13 |
Variables | Leader identity | Initial structure | Transformational leadership | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | |
Incept | 4.51***(0.16) | 4.51***(0.16) | 4.51***(0.16) | 5.19***(0.10) | 3.75***(0.49) | 5.08***(0.10) | 3.58***(0.59) |
Within-person level | |||||||
Day of week | 0.11(0.13) | 0.07(0.13) | 0.07(0.13) | −0.02(0.08) | −0.06(0.09) | −0.04(0.12) | −0.10(0.13) |
Sine | 0.12(0.22) | 0.09(0.22) | 0.09(0.22) | 0.02(0.14) | −0.06(0.15) | 0.02(0.21) | −0.09(0.21) |
Cosine | −0.03(0.09) | −0.03(0.09) | −0.05(0.09) | 0.03(0.06) | 0.04(0.08) | 0.02(0.10) | 0.02(0.11) |
Positive affect | 0.18(0.11) | 0.20(0.11) | 0.21(0.11) | 0.18(0.10) | 0.08(0.04) | 0.16(0.10) | 0.08(0.06) |
Negative affect | −0.07(0.07) | −0.09(0.07) | −0.08(0.07) | −0.14(0.08) | −0.09*(0.04) | −0.18*(0.08) | −0.13*(0.05) |
Leader identity (Previous day) | 0.11(0.09) | 0.06(0.08) | 0.06(0.07) | ||||
Initial structure (Previous day) | 0.13**(0.05) | 0.07(0.04) | |||||
Transformational leadership (Previous day) | 0.15**(0.05) | 0.12*(0.05) | |||||
Positive family events | 0.03(0.08) | −0.06(0.06) | −0.06(0.06) | 0.02(0.05) | 0.04*(0.02) | −0.03(0.05) | −0.02(0.03) |
Sleep quality | −0.03(0.06) | −0.04(0.05) | −0.04(0.05) | 0.04(0.04) | 0.03(0.03) | 0.03(0.04) | 0.03(0.04) |
Negative family events | −0.06(0.08) | −0.07(0.07) | −0.05(0.05) | −0.01(0.03) | −0.06(0.07) | −0.03(0.06) | |
Leader identity | 0.19**(0.06) | 0.21**(0.08) | |||||
Within residual variance | 0.65 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.43 | 0.29 | 0.63 | 0.51 |
Between-person level | |||||||
Managerial self-efficacy | 0.12(0.18) | 0.12(0.18) | 0.10(0.18) | 0.48***(0.12) | 0.44***(0.11) | 0.42**(0.11) | 0.39**(0.11) |
Work-family segmentation preference | −0.06(0.15) | −0.06 (0.15) | −0.07(0.15) | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.10 (0.07) | 0.08 (0.10) | 0.10 (0.07) |
Extraversion | 0.07(0.18) | 0.17(0.12) | 0.14(0.11) | 0.33*(0.13) | 0.30*(0.12) | ||
Negative family events × Extraversion | 0.25***(0.06) | 0.11(0.07) | 0.07(0.06) | 0.13(0.07) | 0.08(0.07) | ||
Between residual variance | 1.67 | 1.67 | 1.67 | 0.58 | 0.44 | 0.61 | 0.46 |
Pseudo R | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.29 | 0.48 | 0.29 | 0.46 |
Table 4 Multi-level Path Analysis Results (Study 1)
Variables | Leader identity | Initial structure | Transformational leadership | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | |
Incept | 4.51***(0.16) | 4.51***(0.16) | 4.51***(0.16) | 5.19***(0.10) | 3.75***(0.49) | 5.08***(0.10) | 3.58***(0.59) |
Within-person level | |||||||
Day of week | 0.11(0.13) | 0.07(0.13) | 0.07(0.13) | −0.02(0.08) | −0.06(0.09) | −0.04(0.12) | −0.10(0.13) |
Sine | 0.12(0.22) | 0.09(0.22) | 0.09(0.22) | 0.02(0.14) | −0.06(0.15) | 0.02(0.21) | −0.09(0.21) |
Cosine | −0.03(0.09) | −0.03(0.09) | −0.05(0.09) | 0.03(0.06) | 0.04(0.08) | 0.02(0.10) | 0.02(0.11) |
Positive affect | 0.18(0.11) | 0.20(0.11) | 0.21(0.11) | 0.18(0.10) | 0.08(0.04) | 0.16(0.10) | 0.08(0.06) |
Negative affect | −0.07(0.07) | −0.09(0.07) | −0.08(0.07) | −0.14(0.08) | −0.09*(0.04) | −0.18*(0.08) | −0.13*(0.05) |
Leader identity (Previous day) | 0.11(0.09) | 0.06(0.08) | 0.06(0.07) | ||||
Initial structure (Previous day) | 0.13**(0.05) | 0.07(0.04) | |||||
Transformational leadership (Previous day) | 0.15**(0.05) | 0.12*(0.05) | |||||
Positive family events | 0.03(0.08) | −0.06(0.06) | −0.06(0.06) | 0.02(0.05) | 0.04*(0.02) | −0.03(0.05) | −0.02(0.03) |
Sleep quality | −0.03(0.06) | −0.04(0.05) | −0.04(0.05) | 0.04(0.04) | 0.03(0.03) | 0.03(0.04) | 0.03(0.04) |
Negative family events | −0.06(0.08) | −0.07(0.07) | −0.05(0.05) | −0.01(0.03) | −0.06(0.07) | −0.03(0.06) | |
Leader identity | 0.19**(0.06) | 0.21**(0.08) | |||||
Within residual variance | 0.65 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.43 | 0.29 | 0.63 | 0.51 |
Between-person level | |||||||
Managerial self-efficacy | 0.12(0.18) | 0.12(0.18) | 0.10(0.18) | 0.48***(0.12) | 0.44***(0.11) | 0.42**(0.11) | 0.39**(0.11) |
Work-family segmentation preference | −0.06(0.15) | −0.06 (0.15) | −0.07(0.15) | 0.08 (0.09) | 0.10 (0.07) | 0.08 (0.10) | 0.10 (0.07) |
Extraversion | 0.07(0.18) | 0.17(0.12) | 0.14(0.11) | 0.33*(0.13) | 0.30*(0.12) | ||
Negative family events × Extraversion | 0.25***(0.06) | 0.11(0.07) | 0.07(0.06) | 0.13(0.07) | 0.08(0.07) | ||
Between residual variance | 1.67 | 1.67 | 1.67 | 0.58 | 0.44 | 0.61 | 0.46 |
Pseudo R | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.29 | 0.48 | 0.29 | 0.46 |
Condition | Negative family events → Leader identity → Initial structure | Negative family events → Leader identity → Transformational leadership | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Indirect effect | 95%CI | Indirect effect | 95%CI | |
1. High Extraversion | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.0002, 0.08 | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.0001, 0.09 |
2. Low Extraversion | −0.06 (0.03) | −0.12, −0.02 | −0.07 (0.04) | −0.14, −0.01 |
Difference | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.03, 0.18 | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.03, 0.21 |
Table 5 Moderated Mediation Effects (Study 1)
Condition | Negative family events → Leader identity → Initial structure | Negative family events → Leader identity → Transformational leadership | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Indirect effect | 95%CI | Indirect effect | 95%CI | |
1. High Extraversion | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.0002, 0.08 | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.0001, 0.09 |
2. Low Extraversion | −0.06 (0.03) | −0.12, −0.02 | −0.07 (0.04) | −0.14, −0.01 |
Difference | 0.10 (0.04) | 0.03, 0.18 | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.03, 0.21 |
Model | χ | df | χ2/df | Δχ2(Δdf) | RMSEA | CFI | TLI | SRMRwithin | SRMRbetween |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Six factor model: NFE, ED, C, LI, IS, TFL | 1797.64 | 915 | 1.96 | — | 0.06 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.04 | 0.09 |
2. Five factor model: NFE+ED, C, LI, IS, TFL | 2768.65 | 925 | 2.99 | 971.01(10) | 0.08 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
3. Four factor model: NFE+ED+C, LI, IS, TFL | 4037.12 | 933 | 4.33 | 1268.47(8) | 0.10 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.13 | 0.17 |
4. Three factor model: NFE+ED+C+LI, IS, TFL | 4453.85 | 939 | 4.74 | 416.73(6) | 0.11 | 0.62 | 0.57 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
5. Two factor model: NFE+ED+C, LI+IS+TFL | 4474.17 | 943 | 4.74 | 20.32(4) | 0.11 | 0.62 | 0.57 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
Table 6 Multi-level CFA (Study 2)
Model | χ | df | χ2/df | Δχ2(Δdf) | RMSEA | CFI | TLI | SRMRwithin | SRMRbetween |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Six factor model: NFE, ED, C, LI, IS, TFL | 1797.64 | 915 | 1.96 | — | 0.06 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.04 | 0.09 |
2. Five factor model: NFE+ED, C, LI, IS, TFL | 2768.65 | 925 | 2.99 | 971.01(10) | 0.08 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
3. Four factor model: NFE+ED+C, LI, IS, TFL | 4037.12 | 933 | 4.33 | 1268.47(8) | 0.10 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.13 | 0.17 |
4. Three factor model: NFE+ED+C+LI, IS, TFL | 4453.85 | 939 | 4.74 | 416.73(6) | 0.11 | 0.62 | 0.57 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
5. Two factor model: NFE+ED+C, LI+IS+TFL | 4474.17 | 943 | 4.74 | 20.32(4) | 0.11 | 0.62 | 0.57 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
Variables | Within variance (σ2) | Between variance (τ00) | Percentage of within variance (σ2/(σ2+τ00)) |
---|---|---|---|
1. Negative family events | 0.37 | 0.81 | 31.36% |
2. Ego depletion | 0.89 | 1.16 | 43.41% |
3. Compensation | 0.74 | 1.71 | 30.20% |
4. Leader identity | 0.81 | 1.38 | 36.99% |
5. Initial structure | 0.49 | 1.51 | 24.50% |
6. Transformational leadership | 0.66 | 1.47 | 30.99% |
Table 7 Percentage of Within-person Variances (Study 2)
Variables | Within variance (σ2) | Between variance (τ00) | Percentage of within variance (σ2/(σ2+τ00)) |
---|---|---|---|
1. Negative family events | 0.37 | 0.81 | 31.36% |
2. Ego depletion | 0.89 | 1.16 | 43.41% |
3. Compensation | 0.74 | 1.71 | 30.20% |
4. Leader identity | 0.81 | 1.38 | 36.99% |
5. Initial structure | 0.49 | 1.51 | 24.50% |
6. Transformational leadership | 0.66 | 1.47 | 30.99% |
Variables | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Negative family events | 1.87 | 1.09 | 0.58*** | 0.52*** | 0.15 | −0.12 | 0.02 | 0.56*** | 0.52*** | 0.11 | −0.14 | −0.01 | −0.12 | 0.10 | 0.16 | |
2. Ego depletion | 2.71 | 1.44 | 0.38*** | 0.44*** | −0.05 | −0.15 | −0.14 | 0.98*** | 0.48*** | −0.01 | −0.19 | −0.21 | −0.12 | 0.12 | 0.15 | |
3. Compensation | 2.97 | 1.59 | 0.31*** | 0.28*** | 0.52*** | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.41*** | 0.97*** | 0.50*** | 0.08 | 0.18 | −0.09 | 0.11 | 0.07 | |
4. Leader identity | 3.82 | 1.48 | 0.21*** | 0.09 | 0.60*** | 0.50*** | 0.50*** | −0.09 | 0.46** | 0.98*** | 0.49** | 0.51*** | −0.10 | 0.17 | −0.10 | |
5. Initial structure | 4.70 | 1.42 | −0.09 | 0.09 | 0.21*** | 0.26*** | 0.92*** | −0.18 | 0.06 | 0.48** | 0.99*** | 0.90*** | 0.12 | −0.03 | −0.21 | |
6. Transformational leadership | 4.43 | 1.48 | −0.05 | −0.04 | 0.19*** | 0.25*** | 0.71*** | −0.14 | 0.17 | 0.46** | 0.91*** | 0.98*** | 0.10 | −0.06 | −0.09 | |
7. Ego depletion (Previous day) | 2.68 | 1.45 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.09 | −0.04 | 0.09 | 0.48** | −0.03 | −0.21 | −0.21 | −0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | |
8. Compensation (Previous day) | 2.97 | 1.61 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.28*** | 0.19*** | 0.22*** | 0.18** | 0.29*** | 0.48** | 0.06 | 0.16 | −0.18 | 0.18 | 0.14 | |
9. Leader identity (Previous day) | 3.87 | 1.53 | −0.02 | 0.13* | 0.29*** | 0.21*** | 0.28*** | 0.14* | 0.09 | 0.60*** | 0.47** | 0.49** | −0.13 | 0.20 | −0.13 | |
10. Initial structure (Previous day) | 4.77 | 1.41 | −0.06 | 0.04 | 0.15** | 0.20*** | 0.27*** | 0.16** | 0.12* | 0.25*** | 0.33*** | 0.92*** | 0.12 | −0.06 | −0.18 | |
11. Transformational leadership (Previous day) | 4.49 | 1.46 | −0.11 | −0.07 | 0.16** | 0.23*** | 0.25*** | 0.19*** | 0.00 | 0.30*** | 0.29*** | 0.69*** | 0.14 | −0.12 | −0.09 | |
12. Day of week | 3.21 | 1.32 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.12* | 0.12* | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.08 | −0.02 | 0.04 | −0.92*** | −0.58*** | |
13. Sine | 0.09 | 0.75 | −0.07 | −0.12* | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.10 | −0.10 | 0.03 | −0.07 | −0.07 | 0.02 | −0.06 | −0.95*** | 0.29 | |
14. Cosine | −0.43 | 0.50 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.00 | −0.07 | −0.12* | −0.14* | 0.11 | −0.01 | −0.06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | −0.46*** | 0.25*** |
Table 8 Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations (Study 2)
Variables | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Negative family events | 1.87 | 1.09 | 0.58*** | 0.52*** | 0.15 | −0.12 | 0.02 | 0.56*** | 0.52*** | 0.11 | −0.14 | −0.01 | −0.12 | 0.10 | 0.16 | |
2. Ego depletion | 2.71 | 1.44 | 0.38*** | 0.44*** | −0.05 | −0.15 | −0.14 | 0.98*** | 0.48*** | −0.01 | −0.19 | −0.21 | −0.12 | 0.12 | 0.15 | |
3. Compensation | 2.97 | 1.59 | 0.31*** | 0.28*** | 0.52*** | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.41*** | 0.97*** | 0.50*** | 0.08 | 0.18 | −0.09 | 0.11 | 0.07 | |
4. Leader identity | 3.82 | 1.48 | 0.21*** | 0.09 | 0.60*** | 0.50*** | 0.50*** | −0.09 | 0.46** | 0.98*** | 0.49** | 0.51*** | −0.10 | 0.17 | −0.10 | |
5. Initial structure | 4.70 | 1.42 | −0.09 | 0.09 | 0.21*** | 0.26*** | 0.92*** | −0.18 | 0.06 | 0.48** | 0.99*** | 0.90*** | 0.12 | −0.03 | −0.21 | |
6. Transformational leadership | 4.43 | 1.48 | −0.05 | −0.04 | 0.19*** | 0.25*** | 0.71*** | −0.14 | 0.17 | 0.46** | 0.91*** | 0.98*** | 0.10 | −0.06 | −0.09 | |
7. Ego depletion (Previous day) | 2.68 | 1.45 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.09 | −0.04 | 0.09 | 0.48** | −0.03 | −0.21 | −0.21 | −0.16 | 0.16 | 0.17 | |
8. Compensation (Previous day) | 2.97 | 1.61 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.28*** | 0.19*** | 0.22*** | 0.18** | 0.29*** | 0.48** | 0.06 | 0.16 | −0.18 | 0.18 | 0.14 | |
9. Leader identity (Previous day) | 3.87 | 1.53 | −0.02 | 0.13* | 0.29*** | 0.21*** | 0.28*** | 0.14* | 0.09 | 0.60*** | 0.47** | 0.49** | −0.13 | 0.20 | −0.13 | |
10. Initial structure (Previous day) | 4.77 | 1.41 | −0.06 | 0.04 | 0.15** | 0.20*** | 0.27*** | 0.16** | 0.12* | 0.25*** | 0.33*** | 0.92*** | 0.12 | −0.06 | −0.18 | |
11. Transformational leadership (Previous day) | 4.49 | 1.46 | −0.11 | −0.07 | 0.16** | 0.23*** | 0.25*** | 0.19*** | 0.00 | 0.30*** | 0.29*** | 0.69*** | 0.14 | −0.12 | −0.09 | |
12. Day of week | 3.21 | 1.32 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.12* | 0.12* | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.08 | −0.02 | 0.04 | −0.92*** | −0.58*** | |
13. Sine | 0.09 | 0.75 | −0.07 | −0.12* | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.10 | −0.10 | 0.03 | −0.07 | −0.07 | 0.02 | −0.06 | −0.95*** | 0.29 | |
14. Cosine | −0.43 | 0.50 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.00 | −0.07 | −0.12* | −0.14* | 0.11 | −0.01 | −0.06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | −0.46*** | 0.25*** |
Variables | Ego depletion | Compensation | Leader identity | Initial structure | Transformational leadership | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | Model 10 | |
Incept | 2.67*** (0.17) | 2.67*** (0.17) | 3.01*** (0.21) | 3.01*** (0.21) | 3.87*** (0.19) | 3.04*** (0.63) | 4.72*** (0.20) | 3.01** (1.10) | 4.43*** (0.19) | 2.75** (1.04) |
Day of week | 0.21 (0.17) | 0.28 (0.15) | −0.09 (0.20) | −0.01 (0.18) | −0.16 (0.15) | −0.02 (0.07) | 0.11 (0.12) | 0.12 (0.12) | 0.00 (0.14) | 0.03 (0.13) |
Sine | 0.15 (0.25) | 0.32 (0.21) | −0.15 (0.31) | −0.01 (0.27) | −0.14 (0.23) | 0.00 (0.12) | 0.10 (0.22) | 0.10 (0.22) | −0.06 (0.26) | −0.05 (0.23) |
Cosine | 0.33 (0.19) | 0.34 (0.16) | −0.05 (0.18) | 0.01 (0.15) | −0.23 (0.16) | −0.08 (0.09) | −0.07 (0.12) | −0.03 (0.11) | −0.19 (0.12) | −0.12 (0.12) |
Ego depletion (Previous day) | 0.04 (0.11) | −0.00 (0.10) | ||||||||
Compensation (Previous day) | 0.24 (0.09) | 0.23 (0.10) | ||||||||
Leader identity (Previous night) | 0.34** (0.12) | 0.28** (0.09) | ||||||||
Initial structure (Previous day) | 0.19 (0.10) | 0.13 (0.07) | ||||||||
Transformational leadership (Previous day) | 0.11 (0.10) | 0.06 (0.07) | ||||||||
Negative family events | 0.30* (0.13) | 0.39* (0.19) | 0.21 (0.12) | 0.02 (0.07) | −0.08 (0.06) | −0.19** (0.07) | −0.04 (0.07) | −0.10 (0.09) | ||
Ego depletion | −0.10* (0.05) | 0.05 (0.07) | −0.06 (0.07) | |||||||
Compensation | 0.49*** (0.09) | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.07 (0.11) | |||||||
Leader identity | 0.18* (0.09) | 0.17* (0.09) | ||||||||
Within residual variance | 0.74 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.63 | 0.56 |
Between residual variance | 1.27 | 1.27 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.51 | 0.96 | 1.42 | 1.08 | 1.38 | 1.05 |
Pseudo R | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.27 |
Table 9 Multi-level Path Analysis Results (Study 2)
Variables | Ego depletion | Compensation | Leader identity | Initial structure | Transformational leadership | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | Model 10 | |
Incept | 2.67*** (0.17) | 2.67*** (0.17) | 3.01*** (0.21) | 3.01*** (0.21) | 3.87*** (0.19) | 3.04*** (0.63) | 4.72*** (0.20) | 3.01** (1.10) | 4.43*** (0.19) | 2.75** (1.04) |
Day of week | 0.21 (0.17) | 0.28 (0.15) | −0.09 (0.20) | −0.01 (0.18) | −0.16 (0.15) | −0.02 (0.07) | 0.11 (0.12) | 0.12 (0.12) | 0.00 (0.14) | 0.03 (0.13) |
Sine | 0.15 (0.25) | 0.32 (0.21) | −0.15 (0.31) | −0.01 (0.27) | −0.14 (0.23) | 0.00 (0.12) | 0.10 (0.22) | 0.10 (0.22) | −0.06 (0.26) | −0.05 (0.23) |
Cosine | 0.33 (0.19) | 0.34 (0.16) | −0.05 (0.18) | 0.01 (0.15) | −0.23 (0.16) | −0.08 (0.09) | −0.07 (0.12) | −0.03 (0.11) | −0.19 (0.12) | −0.12 (0.12) |
Ego depletion (Previous day) | 0.04 (0.11) | −0.00 (0.10) | ||||||||
Compensation (Previous day) | 0.24 (0.09) | 0.23 (0.10) | ||||||||
Leader identity (Previous night) | 0.34** (0.12) | 0.28** (0.09) | ||||||||
Initial structure (Previous day) | 0.19 (0.10) | 0.13 (0.07) | ||||||||
Transformational leadership (Previous day) | 0.11 (0.10) | 0.06 (0.07) | ||||||||
Negative family events | 0.30* (0.13) | 0.39* (0.19) | 0.21 (0.12) | 0.02 (0.07) | −0.08 (0.06) | −0.19** (0.07) | −0.04 (0.07) | −0.10 (0.09) | ||
Ego depletion | −0.10* (0.05) | 0.05 (0.07) | −0.06 (0.07) | |||||||
Compensation | 0.49*** (0.09) | 0.04 (0.08) | 0.07 (0.11) | |||||||
Leader identity | 0.18* (0.09) | 0.17* (0.09) | ||||||||
Within residual variance | 0.74 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.63 | 0.56 |
Between residual variance | 1.27 | 1.27 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 1.51 | 0.96 | 1.42 | 1.08 | 1.38 | 1.05 |
Pseudo R | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.27 |
Path | Indirect effect | 95% CI |
---|---|---|
Negative family events → Ego depletion → Leader identity | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.08, −0.0002 |
Negative family events → Compensation → Leader identity | 0.18 (0.09) | 0.01, 0.39 |
Table 10 Mediation Effects (Study 2)
Path | Indirect effect | 95% CI |
---|---|---|
Negative family events → Ego depletion → Leader identity | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.08, −0.0002 |
Negative family events → Compensation → Leader identity | 0.18 (0.09) | 0.01, 0.39 |
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