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25 June 1998, Volume 30 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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DEVOTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPERITY OF CHINESE PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Lin Zhongxian (Chinese Psychological Society, Beijing, 100012) 1998, 30 (2):  121-128.  Abstract ( 1054 )   This is a working report of the Sixth Council of Chinese Psychological Society from 1993-1997. It includes 4 parts: (1) Hold more academic activities in each branch field of psychology, promoting the development of Chinese psychological Science. (2) Strengthen the publicity of psychological science, improve the academic level of academic and popular journals of psychology, publish "Psychological Science in China". (3) Strengthen international exchange and cooperation, Chinese psychological science is going out to the world. (4) Insist on the democratic principle of management of the society, complete the structure of the society, be more efficient and have more effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE RECOGNITION OF THREE ATTRIBUTES OF CHINESE WORDS AND THE INTERHEMISPHERIC INTERACTION Zhang Wutian Feng Ling (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100012) 1998, 30 (2):  129-135.  Abstract ( 636 )   The present study investigated whether dividing information between the hemispheres becomes more advantageous to the recognition of Chinese words as the process stages increase. The process stages were varied by the different attributes of words to be processed. Experiment 1, A matching method was used for the words of visual similarity, homophone and synonym. Directing retrieval method was used in Experiment 2. The results showed that the performance of visual similarity material presented to the same hemisphere or to two hemispheres simultaneously had no difference. But the homophone and synonym indicated to be more advantageous having both hemispheres involed in processing than just one. The explanation of this phenomenon was discussed by the characterics of brain function. Related Articles | Metrics

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SPATIAL-TEMPERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXOGENOUS VISUAL SELECTIVE ATTENTION Yang Huahai Zhao Chen Zhang Kan (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012) 1998, 30 (2):  136-142.  Abstract ( 1138 )   To study the mechanisms underlying orienting of attention in visual space, an experiment was designed to test the effect of a peripheral cue(brightening of one of three dots with 4° eccentricities) on the discrimination of targets with different eccentricities(2°, 3°, 5°and 6°). The results showed that the peripheral abrupt onset captured attention involuntarily and the spatial-temporal characteristics of attention shift was more consistent with the hypothesis of a spotlight model of attention shift than that of a zoom-lens model or a spatial gradient model. Moreover it was found that the attention spotlight needed about 25 ms to move 1 visual degree. Related Articles | Metrics

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A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN CHINESE PARTS AND ENGLISH LETTERS ──A MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF POPULATION STEREOTYPE COMPATIBILITY Zhuang Jiancheng Liu Yanfang Zhang Kan (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012) 1998, 30 (2):  143-148.  Abstract ( 1064 )   The dimension overlap model and the Fork-Join network model were applied in this compatibility study, and the mathematical relation between population stereotype compatibility and S-R compatibility was derived. The learning times and the reaction time in the Chinese code inputting were connected with the compatibility between Chinese parts and English letters. The theoretical simulation fits with the experimental results. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE INFLUENCE OF PAST EXPERIENCE ON IMPLICIT SOCIAL PERCEPTION Zhou Aibao (Institute of Psychology, Academy of Educational Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070) 1998, 30 (2):  149-153.  Abstract ( 1407 )   Twenty "Wenge" college students, who had the expetiences of "Cultural Revolu- tion", and twenty present college students, who had no experience, were used as subjects. The experimental materials were 80 Chinese two-character words. Half of them were popular during the period of the "Cultural Revolution" and the other half popular in present time. Meanwhile, the features of implicit social perception were investigated through the "consciousness-filtered" technique and tachistoscope test. The results showed that the count of Chinese two-character word and the sex of the subjects had no effect upon implicit social perception; Past experiences took an important role in it significantly. Besides, it was provided that tachistoscope test as an indirect measure was "pure". It was not "polluted" by the conscious. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE ROLE OF PHONOLOGY AND ORTHOGRAPHY IN CHINESE READING COMPREHENSION:A MOVING WINDOW STUDY Wu Ningning Shu Hua Zhou Xiaolin Shi Dongfang(Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875) 1998, 30 (2):  154-160.  Abstract ( 690 )   Abstract Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EXPERIMENTAL DISSOCIATION BETWEEN IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MEMORY TASKS: THE ROLE OF SURFACE FORMS ON TARGET STIMULUS Zhou Renlai Tong Changshan Zheng Yuxiang (Education Department of Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029) 1998, 30 (2):  161-166.  Abstract ( 1360 )   This article compared the effect of picture fragmentation level at the test on performance in the tasks of implicit and explicit memory. The expedmental dissociation between these two types of tasks was discovered: the implicit task of picture identification was influenced by this manipulation, While the explicit task of yes/ no recognition was not. Also, the dependent relationship between these two tasks was discovered by successive tests. Contrast to relative studies, the results concluded that ( 1 ) conceptually-driven tasks were sensitive to surface information of the stimulus at the study, data-driven tasks were sensitive to them both at the study and the test, (2) during the test both conceptually-driven and data-driven tasks prossess similar components of stimulus. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE INFLUENCE OF CHILDREN OF LEARNINGDISABILITIES OF FAMILY RESOURCES ON THEIRCOGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING MOTIVATION Yu Guoliang Zhang Dengyin Lin Chongde (Institute of Developmental Psychology , Beijing Normal University , 100875) 1998, 30 (2):  174-181.  Abstract ( 2023 )   On the basis of cognitive assessment and questionnaire, the influence of 1 67 children of learning disabilities and 161 normal children of family resources on their cognitive development and learning motivation were examined. The results indicated that not only were the correlation among children of learning disabilities of family resources and their learning motivation, cognitive development but there also was a casual relationship among children of learning disabilities family resources, learning motivation and cognitive development Family resources played a role on their cognitive development by two ways: one was based on learning motivation to prompt their cognitive development, the other directly played the role on their cognitive developmentt Related Articles | Metrics

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A STUDY ON RELATIONS BETWEEN SPEED,COGNITIVEPERFORMANCE AND AGE Li Deming . Liu Chang Li Guiyun( Institute of Psychology , Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012) 1998, 30 (2):  182-186.  Abstract ( 1094 )   The relations between speed and performance in five tasks, including Digit Rota- tion, Mental Arithmetic, Symbol-Digit, Chinese Character-Digit, and Figure Spatial Location, was studied in the young group (20-29 years of age, 50 subjects) and old group (60-69 years of age, 50 subjects) by using cumulate performance-reaction time curve. The results indicated: (1 ) The cumulate performance-reaction time curve of five tasks progressed more slowly up in the old group than in the young group, suggesting that the old group took longer reaction time to get the cumulate performance corresponding to the young group; (2) The characteristic of cumulate performance-reaction time curve going up had a relation to feature and difficulty of tasks. These results showed that speed slowing ensured the old group to get performance corresponding to the young group within the difficulty of these tasks, supporting the viewpoint in which speed perhaps played a regulating role between age and performance Related Articles | Metrics

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EXPRESSION OF JUN-LIKE PROTEIN IN THE HEMISPHEREOF CHICK FOLLOWING MONOVISUAL DEPRIVATION ANDONE-TRIAL PASSIVE AVOIDANCE TASK Gao Yang Hu Jiafen Guan Linchu Kuang Peizi (Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100012) Jiang Shujun Kuang Peigen (Neurotransmitter Research Laboratory , Chinese PLA General Hospital ,Beijing,100853) 1998, 30 (2):  187-192.  Abstract ( 1097 )   Immunohistochemical technique was used in the present study to detect and compare Jun expressed in HV and LPO of the chick ' s two hemispheres following monovisual deprivation and one-trial passive avoidance task. It was shown that monovisual deprived 2 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours or 72 hours induced Jun expression definitely increased in HV and LPO of the two hemispheres, and Jun expression came to the highest level when visually deprived 48 hours; the expression in the left LPO was higher than that in the right LPO after being visually deprived 2 hours; monovisually deprived 2 hours and 24 hours following one-trail passive avoidance task and memory retention test at 70 minute after learning induced Jun expression to continue increase in HV and LPO of the two hemispheres; monovisually deprived 2 hours test at 10 minute just induced Jun expression obvious increase in the left LPO and HV; only the left LPO showed high level Jun expression after monovisually deprived 24 hours and test at 10 minutes; in the same hemisphere, the fact that the Jun expression of LPO was higher than that in HV disappeared after being visually deprived 48 hours. Related Articles | Metrics

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γ COEFFICIENT AS AN ESTIMATION OF RELIABILITY Xie Xiaoqing (Beijing Language and Culture University , Beijing, 100083) 1998, 30 (2):  193-196.  Abstract ( 1312 )   This paper proposed γ Coefficient as an estimation of reliability. Compared with the widely used α Coefficient γ is a better estimation of reliability, it is less influenced by the character of the sample group and therefore it is more closely related to the error variance of the test score. Related Articles | Metrics

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RESEARCH ON SIMULATE TRIAL FOR THE OPTIMALMATCH BETWEEN THE DISTRIBUTION OF ABILITY ANDTHE DISTRIBUTION OF ITEM DIFFICULTY Li Jinbo Wang Quan (Dept Of Education,Hangzhou University,Hangzhou , 310028) 1998, 30 (2):  197-203.  Abstract ( 995 )   This research explored optimal match between distribution of the examinees ability and distribution of the items ' difficulty by Monte Carlo Simulate Approach. The results showed that when the distribution of the examinees ' ability were standard normal, positive skewness or negative skewness and the distribution of items ' difficulty were the same as ability distribution respectively, the indices of match, such as the expected information function value, maximum information function value and reliability were higher than the other match indices. The accuracy was also higher than the other match in estimating item difficulty, discrimination and examinees ' ability. Related Articles | Metrics

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A PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE ON SEVERAL TRENDS OF WESTERN PSYCHOLOGY Ye Haosheng (History of Psychology Center, Nanjing Normal University ,Nanjing , 210097) 1998, 30 (2):  204-210.  Abstract ( 1097 )   There are three misdirected trends in westem psychology. They are individualism, irrationalism, and objectivism. The factors that contribute to these trends were analyzed, and the aftermaths of these trends were considered. Related Articles | Metrics

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APPLICATION OF GENERALIZABILITY THEORY IN COMPOSITION SCORING Liu Yuanwo (Personnel Testing Authorities,Minisity of Personnel P.R.C.,Beijing 100054) Zhang Houcan (Beijing Normal University. Beijing 100875) 1998, 30 (2):  211-218.  Abstract ( 1302 )   Generalizability Theory (GT) is a new trend in psychological measurement. First the basic ideas and methods of Generalizability Theory was introduced, Then an exploratory application of it was conducted on the problem of scoring in Chinese composition. Twenty high school students were asked to write three compositions of different forms in one month, all of the compositions were rated by six raters. Data was finally analysed by GENOVA. The results indicated that the influence of raters was large, while item effect was small It was also found that different forms of compositions had different scoring error, essay with problem discussion was likely to have the largest scoring error. As to the three essential factors of writing ability, the largest scoring error happened on the content, while the smallest scoring error happened on the structure. Furthermore, the author pointed out some defficiencies of the Kendall coefficient of concordance (W coefficient) and suggest that phi coefficient is a more effective index as rater consistency reliability. Related Articles | Metrics

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JUNG'S PSYCHOLOGY AND CHINESE CULTURE Gao Lan Shen Heyong (Department of Psychology, South-China Normal University ,Guangzhou,510631) 1998, 30 (2):  219-223.  Abstract ( 1808 )   C. G Jung and his analytic psychology influenced the studies and theories of Chinese psychology, and even the humanities and social sciences in China. But Jung ' s psychology itself had an inside and deep relationship with Chinese culture. Jung himself absorbed the sources of Chinese cultural thought, that became the cornerstone of his analytic psychological systems. At the same time, Jung contributed in the spreading of Chinese culture in the western world. In this paper, through sinologist Richard Wilhelm, the book of The Secret Of Golden Flower, and through The Book Of Change and The Dao, the authors discussed the relationship between Jung 's analytic psychology and Chinese culture, elucidated the significance of the psychological thought in the Chinese cultural tradition. Related Articles | Metrics

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PROTEIN KINASES INVOLVED IN THE EXPRESSION OFHIPPOCAMPAL LONG-TERM POTENTIATION Liu Shaolin Zhang Juntian (Institute of Materia Medica,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Beijing Union Medical College,Beijing, 100050) 1998, 30 (2):  224-229.  Abstract ( 1114 )   Many protein kinases may play important roles in the expression or maintenance of hippocampal long-term potenitation (LTP). With gene targeting or transgenic technology, the involvement of some isoforms of PKC, CaMK II, PKA, and their subunits has been directly ,confirmed in the mutant mice which were deficient in the corresponding genes. This paper briefly reviews these protein kinases involved in the hippocampal LTP Related Articles | Metrics