ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 617-623.

• 主编特邀 •    下一篇

教条悖论：行为心理学家的新挑战

Jean-François Bonnefon   

  1. 法国国家科学研究中心; 图卢兹大学, 法国
  • 收稿日期:2011-01-26 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2011-05-15 发布日期:2011-05-15
  • 通讯作者: Jean-François Bonnefon

The Doctrinal Paradox, a New Challenge for Behavioral Psychologists

Jean-François Bonnefon   

  1. Jean-François Bonnefon
  • Received:2011-01-26 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2011-05-15 Published:2011-05-15
  • Contact: Jean-François Bonnefon

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摘要： 在各种专业或私人情境中, 人们经常需要整合不同的意见来判断某一观点的对错。当观点的形式类似于将多个论点组合而成的逻辑公式(使用“且”、“或”等逻辑连接词)时, 容易产生教条悖论(doctrinal paradox)。即, 虽然整体意见支持该观点是正确的(或错误的), 但是分析这些整体意见中所包含的各个论点, 却会得到相反的结论。教条悖论是判断整合研究中关注的重要问题, 已在各科学领域引发大量的规范性研究。行为心理学家需在这个重要问题上开展系统研究。本文简要介绍了教条悖论及其过往研究, 总结已有的行为数据, 并指出未来行为研究的方向和视角。

关键词: 观点, 整合, 悖论, 表决

Abstract: In various professional and private contexts, it is often necessary to aggregate different opinions about whether a given claim is true or false. A doctrinal paradox occurs when this claim is akin to a logical formula combining several propositions, and it turns out that the claim itself is true (resp., false) for a majority of judges, whereas a majority of judges has opinions on the propositions that would make the claim false (resp., true). The doctrinal paradox is a serious formal concern for judgment aggregation, which has generated intense normative research in various scientific fields. Behavioral psychologists, though, still have to undertake systematic research on this important problem. This article provides a brief introduction to the doctrinal paradox and its formal study, summarizes available behavioral data, and points to perspective for future behavioral research.

Key words: opinion, aggregation, paradox, vote