概念加工深度影响道德概念水平方位隐喻联结

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2020.00426

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过6个实验探究了不同概念加工深度下道德概念与水平方位的隐喻联结。实验1采用迫选任务范式, 实验2、实验3和实验4均采用空间Stroop范式, 实验5和实验6均采用启动范式。结果发现：(1)在思维迫选中存在道德与左、不道德与右的隐喻联结; (2)在较深、中等概念加工深度下发现了隐喻一致性效应, 在较浅概念加工深度下未发现这种效应; (3)在较浅概念加工深度下始源域和目标域之间的映射均不存在, 即未在启动范式中发现隐喻联结。结果表明：道德概念与水平方位存在隐喻联结, 这种隐喻联结中左表征道德、右表征不道德, 并同时受到始源域和目标域加工深度的影响。

关键词: 道德, 隐喻, 水平方位, 映射, 概念加工深度

Abstract:

The conceptual mapping perspective places metaphor within the framework of embodied cognition. Conceptual Metaphor Theory holds that individuals cannot directly understand the meaning of abstract concepts which are constructed by perceptions of bodily experiences. Thus, moral concepts are acquired through physical experience. Previous studies on the orientational metaphor of moral concepts have found that there is a psychological reality for the metaphorical connection between moral concepts and vertical orientation. However, there are few studies on the metaphorical connection between moral concepts and left-right horizontal orientation. In this study, undergraduate and postgraduate students were selected to examine the metaphorical connection between moral concepts and horizontal orientation and its influence on the depth of conceptual processing through six experiments.

Experiments were performed in E-prime 2.0. In experiment 1, participants used a forced-choice task to place Chinese moral words on the left or right side of a cartoon person, in order to explore the metaphorical connection between moral concepts and horizontal orientation in the mind. During experiment 2, the Stroop paradigm was adopted and participants read words aloud and made moral judgments about words appearing on the left or right side of the screen. The aim was to explore the metaphorical connection between Chinese moral concepts and the horizontal orientation at high levels of conceptual processing. Experiment 3 utilized the same paradigm as experiment 2, but participants did not read words aloud in order to explore the metaphorical connection at medium levels of conceptual processing. Experiment 4 used the same paradigm as experiment 2. Participants judged the truth or falsehood of words rather than moral judgments in order to explore the metaphorical connection at low levels of conceptual processing. In experiment 5, a priming paradigm was adopted to explore the mapping of the target domain to the source domain at low levels of conceptual processing. A visual cue was shown on the left or right side of the screen. Then a word appeared in the position of the visual cue and participants judged whether it was true or false. In experiment 6, a priming paradigm was adopted to explore the mapping from the source domain to the target domain at low levels of conceptual processing. A word was presented on the screen and participants judged its truth and falsehood. Then participants classified and judged the letters “p” or “q, ” which were presented on the left or right side of the screen.

In experiment 1, we registered participants who placed moral and immoral words on the left or right side of the figure. Chi-square test was used to analyze data. Results showed that the number of moral words placed on the left side of the figure was significantly higher than that of words placed on the right side. Regarding immoral words, results were the opposite. In experiments 2, 3, and 4, we collected the reaction time of participants regarding lexical judgment, and repeated ANOVAs were used to analyze data. Results of experiments 2 and 3 revealed a significant Stroop effect. That is, when moral words were presented on the left side, reaction time significantly decreased. However, experiment 4 did not show this effect. In experiment 5, reaction time of participants in the judgment task was recorded. Experiment 5 utilized the same method to analyze data as experiment 4. The effect of spatial priming on moral words was not found in experiment 5. In experiment 6, reaction time of participants in the judgment of letter classification was recorded. Data from experiment 6 was also processed in the same way as experiment 4. Effects of moral priming on the categorization of letters were not found.

In conclusion, results from the six studies suggest that the psychological reality of morality is oriented to the left and immorality to the right. This metaphorical connection is affected by the depth of conceptual processing.

Key words: moral, metaphor, horizontal orientation, mapping, the depth of conceptual processing

中图分类号:

B842

王丛兴, 马建平, 邓珏, 杨众望, 叶一舵. (2020). 概念加工深度影响道德概念水平方位隐喻联结. 心理学报, 52(4), 426-439.

WANG Congxing, MA Jianping, DENG Jue, YANG Zhongwang, YE Yiduo. (2020). The depth of conceptual processing affects the metaphorical connection between moral concepts and horizontal orientation. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(4), 426-439.

图/表 7

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水平方位	词汇类型
水平方位	道德词	不道德词
左侧	443	228
右侧	217	432

水平方位	词汇类型
水平方位	道德词	不道德词
左侧	443	228
右侧	217	432

水平方位	词汇类型
水平方位	道德词	不道德词
左侧	846.37 ± 194.13	933.44 ± 232.75
右侧	880.53 ± 209.41	922.30 ± 216.77

水平方位	词汇类型
水平方位	道德词	不道德词
左侧	846.37 ± 194.13	933.44 ± 232.75
右侧	880.53 ± 209.41	922.30 ± 216.77

水平方位	词汇类型
水平方位	道德词	不道德词
左侧	752.85 ± 105.45	810.31 ± 124.02
右侧	775.43 ± 130.71	795.48 ± 128.06