关键词: 竞赛中的“Choking”, 干扰假说, 自动执行假说, 过程综合理论

Abstract: In sports, there is a frequent occurrence of that athletes lose following by winning. Psychologists infer it as “choking under pressure” defining as deterioration in the execution of habitual processes of performance under pressure. Research into choking started in early 1980s, and “distraction hypothesis” and “automatic execution hypothesis have been commonly accepted to explain choking under pressure. Due to the simplicity of the existed hypotheses explaining choking under pressure, there has been a lack of effective therapeutic technique for ameliorating choking. Based on the studies of choking, this article offers and discusses a choking process theory that explains choking as a process rather than a performance outcome. The article argues that the choking process includes stable and unstable causal factors, the perception of pressure, coping strategies, task characteristics, and skill levels. On the basis of the discussion, the author suggests possible techniques that allow athletes to avoid the occurrence of choking in sport.

Key words: choking in sport, distraction hypothesis, automatic execution hypothesis, integrated theory of choking