ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (07): 735-742.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

内隐和外显记忆测验中情绪词差异的ERP研究

李月婷;李琦;郭春彦   

  1. (1首都师范大学心理系, 北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室, 北京100048)
    (2中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室, 北京 100101) (3中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049)
  • 收稿日期:2009-06-09 修回日期:1900-01-01 发布日期:2010-07-30 出版日期:2010-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 郭春彦

Differences of Emotional Words in Implicit and Explicit Memory Tests: An ERP Study

LI Yue -Ting;LI Qi;GUO Chun-Yan   

  1. (1 Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, the key Lab of Study and Cognition of Beijing, Beijing 100048, China)
    (2 Key Lab of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
    (3 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
  • Received:2009-06-09 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2010-07-30 Published:2010-07-30
  • Contact: GUO Chun-Yan

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摘要： 运用事件相关电位(ERPs)技术, 采用学习-再认范式, 探讨情绪词(积极词和消极词)在内隐和外显记忆测验中的差异。结果发现：在内隐记忆测验中, 消极词的ERP波形比积极词更正; 在450~900 ms时程上存在提取方式的ERP分离, 即在内隐提取过程中, 消极词比积极词的ERP波形更正, 而在外显提取过程中, 二者ERP之间不存在差异。这些结果表明, 在相同编码影响下, 内隐提取对情绪性材料敏感, 而外显提取对情绪性材料不敏感。本实验结果说明刺激的情绪信息影响提取过程, 消极词语义较强的注意攫取能力主要体现在内隐提取阶段。

关键词: 内隐记忆测验, 外显记忆测验, 情绪词, 事件相关电位(ERPs)

Abstract: The previous studies have shown that for negative and positive stimuli, the deep physiological mechanisms are different in the processing of unconscious encoding and retrieval. Nonetheless, the responses to the emotional words in the retrieval phase have shown contradictions in the conscious explicit memory tests. Due to the differences of the encoding tasks and experimental paradigms, however, we cannot attribute the performance differences to stimulus type differences. Therefore, the same task was conducted in the encoding phase to investigate how different emotional stimuli impact the performance in implicit and explicit memory tests. Furthermore, many researchers have proved that the encoding of the emotional words is implicit, and the implicit memory and explicit memory is dissociated, we also want to explore whether the processing of emotional words will influence the implicit or explicit retrieval.
An ERP study was conducted to explore the differences between positive words and negative words in implicit and explicit memory tests, adopting the study-test paradigm. 16 right-handed participants were employed in the study. There were three phases in each block: (1) The study phase required the participants to decide whether a word was a noun or an adjective with different key-pressing response. After the study phase, the participants were asked to substract 3 from a 3-digit number shown on the screen.(2) The lexical decision was conducted after the study phase in which participants need to decide the item was a word or a pseudo-word by pressing the keys as soon as possible (3) The recognition test asked the participants to judge whether they had saw the presented word in the study phase and make a key-pressing response. Each stimulus lasted 800 ms, ISI 1100 ± 100 ms.
The results showed that negative words were associated with a more positive ERP than positive words in the lexical decision. There was an ERP dissociation of retrieval formats between the implicit and the explicit memory tests during 450~900 ms, that is, there was a significant difference between negative words and positive words in the implicit memory whereas there was no difference between them in the explicit memory.
So we can come to the conclusion that the implicit retrieval was sensitive to emotional stimuli while the explicit retrieval was not. The strong attention-grabbing of negative words was shown in the implicit retrieval phase.

Key words: implicit memory test, explicit memory test, emotional words, event-related potentials (ERP)